Metallurgical Applications of Bacterial Leaching and Related Microbiological Phenomena

1st Edition - January 28, 1978
Editor: Lawrence Murr
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 6 5 0 - 0

Metallurgical Applications of Bacterial Leaching and Related Microbiological Phenomena is a collection of papers presented at the International Symposium on Metallurgical… Read more

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Metallurgical Applications of Bacterial Leaching and Related Microbiological Phenomena is a collection of papers presented at the International Symposium on Metallurgical Applications of Bacterial Leaching and Related Microbiological Phenomena, held in New Mexico Institute of Mining & Technology, Socorro, New Mexico on August 3-5, 1977. This book is organized into three sections encompassing 26 chapters. Section I emphasizes the role of microorganisms in the kinetics of leaching and similar metallurgical processes by stimulating a strong interaction between microbiologists and metallurgists. This section also discusses the basic study of microorganisms, in the strictly microbiological aspects of metal extraction and attendant conversion kinetics, and in the practical, engineering aspects of extraction. Section II deals with the microbiological leaching of waste materials, such as fly ash, slags, and jarosite-type leach residues. This section also describes a microbiological process for the recovery of sulfur in its elemental form from sulfate and sulfuric acid-containing aqueous wastes that are to be released in the environment. A microbiological leaching process for the removal of inorganic sulfur contained in coal is also described in this section. Considerable chapters in Section III are devoted to the specific applications of bacterial leaching, the optimization of the leaching conditions, and process optimization based upon economic considerations. This section also examines the advantages of large-scale testing compared with laboratory-testing. Workers in the fields of microbiology, biophysics, biochemistry, mineral processing and preparation, extractive and/or chemical metallurgy, mining engineering, and many related disciplines, including chemical and bioengineering, will find this book invaluable.

Contributors

Preface

Section I Basic Microbial Studies Applied to Leaching

Chapter 1 Metabolic Mechanisms of Iron-Oxidizing Thiobacilli

I Introduction to the Iron Oxidizing Thiobacilli

II Oxidation of Ferrous Iron

III Oxidation of Elemental Sulfur and Reduced Sulfur Compounds

IV Fixation of Carbon Dioxide

V References

Chapter 2 Factors Affecting Metabolism and Ferrous Iron Oxidation in Suspensions and Batch Cultures of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans: Relevance to Ferric Iron Leach Solution Regeneration

I Introduction

II Experimental Methods

III Results and Discussion

IV General Discussion and Conclusions

V References

Chapter 3 Hydrogen Ion Utilization by Iron-Grown Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

I Introduction

II Materials and Methods

III Results

IV Discussion

V References

Chapter 4 Metabolic Transitions in Cultures of Acidophilic Thiobacilli

I Introduction

II Morphological and Structural Features

III Lipopolysaccharides, Fatty Acids, Phospholipids

IV Assimilatory Metabolism of Nutrients

V Oxidative Activities, Substrate Specificity, and DNA Base Ratios

VI References

Chapter 5 Toxic Metals in Leaching Systems

I Introduction

II Methods and Materials

III Results

IV Discussion

V References

Chapter 6 Direct Observations of Bacteria and Quantitative Studies of Their Catalytic Role in the Leaching of Low-Grade, Copper-Bearing Waste

I Introduction

II Materials and Methods

III Results and Discussion

IV Summary and Conclusions

V Acknowledgments

VI References

Chapter 7 Genetic Mechanisms in Metal-Microbe Interactions

I Introduction

II Metal Ion Resistance, Accumulation, and Methylation

III Prospects for Genetic Improvement of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

IV References

Chapter 8 Structure-Function Relationships of Thiobacillus Relative to Ferrous Iron and Sulfide Oxidations

I Introduction

II Experimental Methods

III Results and Discussion

IV References

Chapter 9 Leaching of Minerals Using Bacteria Other Than Thiobacilli

I Introduction

II Experimental

III Results and Discussion

IV Conclusions

V Acknowledgment

VI References

Section II Waste Treatment and Environmental Considerations

Chapter 10 Metal Recovery and Environmental Protection by Bacterial Leaching of Inorganic Waste Materials

I Introduction

II Materials and Methods

III Results and Discussion

IV Acknowledgment

V References

Chapter 11 Sulfate Decomposition: A Microbiological Process

I Introduction

II Materials and Methods

III Results

IV Discussion

V Acknowledgments

VI References

Chapter 12 Microbiological Desulfurization of Coal

I Introduction

II Materials and Methods

III Results and Discussion

IV Acknowledgment

V References

Section III Bioextractive Applications and Optimization

Chapter 13 Observations on the Microflora in an Industrial Copper Dump Leaching Operation

I Introduction

II Procedures, Results, and Discussion

III Conclusions

IV References

Chapter 14 On the Mechanism of Bacterial Leaching

I Introduction

II Materials and Methods

III Results and Discussion

IV References

Chapter 15 Potassium Recovery through Leucite Bioleaching: Possibilities and Limitations

I Introduction

II The Biodegradation of Aluminosilicates

III Materials and Methods

IV Results

V Comments and Conclusions

VI Acknowledgments

VII References

Chapter 16 Optimum Conditions for Leaching of Uranium and Oxidation of Lead Sulfide with Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Recovery of Metals from Bacterial Leaching Solution with Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

I Introduction

II Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion

III References

Chapter 17 Biogenic Extraction of Uranium from Ores of the Grants Region

I Introduction

II Materials and Methods

III Results

IV Discussion and Conclusions

V Acknowledgments

VI References

Chapter 18 Microbial Leaching of Cu-Ni Sulfide Concentrate

I Introduction and Procedures

II Results and Conclusions

III References

Chapter 19 Complex Lead Sulfide Concentrate Leaching by Microorganisms

I Introduction

II Microbiological Leaching of Lead Sulfides

III Optimum Leach Conditions

IV Economical Aspects

V Conclusion

VI References

Chapter 20 Microbiological Leaching of Carbonate-Rich German Copper Shale

I Introduction

II Materials and Methods

III Results and Discussion

IV Acknowledgment

V References

Chapter 21 Studies on the Oxidation of Sulfide Minerals (Pyrite) in the Presence of Bacteria

I Introduction

II Experimental Materials, Bacterial Culture Leaching Technique, and Analysis Methods

III Results

IV Conclusions

V Acknowledgments

VI References

Chapter 22 Bacterial Leaching of Copper Sulfide Ores

I Introduction

II Materials and Methods

III Results and Discussion

IV Acknowledgment

V References

Chapter 23 Continuous Biological Leaching of Chalcopyrite Concentrates: Demonstration and Economic Analysis

I Introduction

II Test Procedures

III Results and Discussion

IV Flowsheet Development

V Economic Analysis

VI Applications of Concentrate Leaching

VII Acknowledgments

VIII References

Chapter 24 Examination of a Copper Ore after Leaching with Bacteria

I Introduction

II Material

III Experimental

IV Results

V Discussion

VI Conclusions

VII References

Chapter 25 Microbial Leaching of Copper at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures

I Introduction

II Materials and Methods

III Results

IV Discussion and Conclusions

V Acknowledgments

VI References

Chapter 26 The Use of Large-Scale Test Facilities in Studies of the Role of Microorganisms in Commercial Leaching Operations

I Introduction

II Experimental Techniques

III Results

IV Discussion

V Summary and Conclusions

VI Acknowledgment

VII References

Index