Marine Mycology

Marine Mycology: The Higher Fungi deals with the higher marine fungi, i.e., Ascomycotina, Basidiomycotina, and Deuteromycotina. This book combines features of a monograph with those of a text. It includes sections on ecological groups of fungi and other topics, such as phylogeny, ontogeny, physiology, and vertical and geographical distribution, providing information on known facts and open questions.
The taxonomic-descriptive part contains complete descriptions of each genus and species, together with substrates, range, etymology of generic and specific names, and literature. There are keys for all species within a given genus, and a general illustrated key leads to the individual species.
The taxonomic section is based on examinations of almost all of the filamentous marine fungi, and unpublished data on new hosts and geographical distributions are included for many species. The filamentous higher marine fungi are represented by 149 Ascomycetes, 4 Basidiomycetes, and 56 Deuteromycetes. The majority, namely 191 (91%) of the filamentous fungi, are obligately marine species, whereas the remainder are facultatively marine. One new species and seven new combinations are proposed. The yeasts are treated in a separate chapter and comprise 177 species or varieties.

Preface

Acknowledgments

1. Introduction

I. Definition of Marine Fungi

II. Numbers of Marine Fungi

III. Sizes of Marine Fungi

IV. The Mode of Life and Distribution of Marine Fungi

V. Unsolved Major Problems

2. Methods

I. Collecting Techniques

II. Preservation

III. Sectioning

IV. Microscopic Examination

V. Isolation and Culture

3. Release, Dispersal, and Settlement of Ascospores, Basidiospores, and Conidia

I. Spore Release

II. Spore Morphology, Dispersal, and Settlement

4. Geographical Distribution

5. Vertical Zonation

6. Deep-Sea Fungi

7. Fungi Isolated from Marine and Estuarine Waters, Sediments, and Soils

8. Fungi in Sandy Beaches and Sea Foam

9. Algae-Inhabiting Fungi

I. Parasites

II. Saprobes

III. Geographical Distribution

10. Submarine Lichens and Lichenlike Associations

I. Primitive Marine Lichens

II. Mycophycobioses

11. Fungi in Halophytes of Tidal Salt Marshes

I. Host Specificity

II. Taxonomy

III. Activities of Fungi in Salt Marshes

IV. Geographical Distribution

12. Fungi on Mangroves and Other Tropical Shoreline Trees

I. Parasitic Fungi in Mangroves

II. Host Specificity

III. Fungi on Submerged Roots, Trunks, and Branches

IV. Fungi on Mangrove Seedlings

V. Fungi on Mangrove Leaves

VI. Fungi in Soil of the Mangal

VII. Vertical and Horizontal Zonation of Manglicolous Fungi

VIII. Geographical Distribution of Manglicolous Fungi

13. Leaf-Inhabiting Fungi

14. Rhizome-Inhabiting Fungi

15. Fungi on Wood and Other Cellulosic Substrates

I. Sources of Wood and Other Cellulosic Substrates in the Marine Environment

II. Degradation of Wood

16. Bark-Inhabiting Fungi

17. Fungi on Man-Made Materials

18. Fungi in Animal Substrates

19. Fungal-Animal Relationships

I. Marine Wood Borers

II. Salt-Marsh Amphipods

III. Nematodes

IV. Mites

V. Mollusca

VI. Fungi Used as Feeds in Mariculture

20. Ontogeny

I. Ascocarp Ontogeny

II. Ascospore Ontogeny

III. Basidiocarp Ontogeny

IV. Basidiospore Ontogeny

V. Conidial Ontogeny

21. Physiological Processes and Metabolites

I. Production of Enzymes

II. Metabolites

III. Effect of Nutrients and Environmental Parameters on Growth and Reproduction

IV. Unsolved Physiological Problems

22. The Possible Origin of Higher Marine Fungi

I. Phylogenetic Principles

II. Characters of Archaic Ascomycetes

III. Homologies between Rhodophyta and Ascomycetes

IV. Position of Extant Higher Marine Fungi in the Phylogenetic Scheme

V. Convergences in the Marine Fungi

VI. Conclusions

23. Identification

24. Key to the Filamentous Higher Marine Fungi

I. Key to Subdivisions of Eumycota

II. Key to Ascomycotina

III. Key to Basidiomycotina

IV. Key to Deuteromycotina

25. Classification

26. Taxonomy and Descriptions of Filamentous Fungi

I. Ascomycotina

II. Basidiomycotina

III. Deuteromycotina

27. Rejected Names, Doubtful and Excluded Species

I. Ascomycotina

II. Deuteromycotina

28. Yeasts

I. Introduction

II. Obligate Marine Yeasts

III. Facultative Marine Yeasts

IV. Appendix

Glossary

Bibliography

Organism Index

Subject Index