Marine Mammals
Evolutionary Biology
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Marine Mammals: Evolutionary Biology, Third Edition is a succinct, yet comprehensive text devoted to the systematics, evolution, morphology, ecology, physiology, and behavior of marine mammals. Earlier editions of this valuable work are considered required reading for all marine biologists concerned with marine mammals, and this text continues that tradition of excellence with updated citations and an expansion of nearly every chapter that includes full color photographs and distribution maps.
Key Features
- Comprehensive, up-to-date coverage of the biology of all marine mammals
- Provides a phylogenetic framework that integrates phylogeny with behavior and ecology
- Features chapter summaries, further readings, an appendix, glossary and an extensive bibliography
- Exciting new color photographs and additional distribution maps
Readership
Vertebrate zoologists, mammalogists, marine biologists, and those interested in the natural history, evolution, systematics, and behavior of marine mammals. Researchers, faculty, graduate students and advanced undergraduates interested in mammals, marine biology, and many related disciplines
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Marine Mammals—“What Are They?”
- 1.2. Adaptations for Aquatic Life
- 1.3. Scope and Use of this Book
- 1.4. Time Scale
- 1.5. Early Observations of Marine Mammals
- 1.6. Emergence of Marine Mammal Science
- 1.7. Further Reading and Resources
Part 1. Evolutionary History
Chapter 2. Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Classification
- 2.1. Introduction: Investigating Evolutionary Histories
- 2.2. Some Basic Terminology and Concepts
- 2.3. How Do You Build a Phylogenetic Tree?
- 2.4. Testing Phylogenetic Hypotheses
- 2.5. Applying Phylogenies: Elucidating Evolutionary and Ecological Patterns
- 2.6. Taxonomy and Classification
- 2.7. Summary and Conclusions
- 2.8. Further Reading and Resources
Chapter 3. Pinniped Evolution and Systematics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Origin and Evolution
- 3.3. Summary and Conclusions
- 3.4. Further Reading and Resources
Chapter 4. Cetacean Evolution and Systematics
- 4.1. Introduction
- 4.2. Origin and Evolution
- 4.3. Summary and Conclusions
- 4.4. Further Reading and Resources
Chapter 5. Sirenians and Other Marine Mammals: Evolution and Systematics
- 5.1. Introduction
- 5.2. Origin and Evolution of Sirenians
- 5.3. The Extinct Sirenian Relatives—Desmostylia
- 5.4. The Extinct Marine Bear-Like Carnivoran, Kolponomos
- 5.5. The Extinct Aquatic Sloth, Thalassocnus natans
- 5.6. Marine Otters
- 5.7. The Polar Bear, Ursus maritimus
- 5.8. Summary and Conclusions
- 5.9. Further Reading and Resources
Chapter 6. Evolution and Geography
- 6.1. Introduction
- 6.2. Species Identity
- 6.3. Speciation
- 6.4. Ecological Factors Affecting Distributions of Marine Mammals
- 6.5. Present Patterns of Distribution
- 6.6. Reconstructing Biogeographic Patterns
- 6.7. Past Patterns of Distribution
- 6.8. Summary and Conclusions
- 6.9. Further Reading and Resources
Part 2. Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Behavior
Chapter 7. Integumentary and Sensory Systems
- 7.1. Introduction
- 7.2. Integumentary System
- 7.3. Nerves and Sense Organs
- 7.4. Summary and Conclusions
- 7.5. Further Reading and Resources
Chapter 8. Musculoskeletal System and Locomotion
- 8.1. Introduction
- 8.2. Pinnipeds
- 8.3. Cetaceans
- 8.4. Sirenians
- 8.5. Sea Otter
- 8.6. Polar Bear
- 8.7. Summary and Conclusions
- 8.8. Further Reading and Resources
Chapter 9. Energetics
- 9.1. Introduction
- 9.2. Metabolic Rates
- 9.3. Thermoregulation
- 9.4. Energetics of Locomotion
- 9.5. Osmoregulation
- 9.6. Summary and Conclusions
- 9.7. Further Reading and Resources
Chapter 10. Respiration and Diving Physiology
- 10.1. Introduction
- 10.2. Challenges of Deep and Prolonged Dives for Breath-Holders
- 10.3. Pulmonary and Circulatory Adaptations to Diving
- 10.4. Diving Response
- 10.5. Diving Behavior and Phylogenetic Patterns
- 10.6. Summary and Conclusions
- 10.7. Further Reading and Resources
Chapter 11. Sound Production for Communication, Echolocation, and Prey Capture
- 11.1. Introduction
- 11.2. Sound Propagation in Air and Water
- 11.3. Anatomy and Physiology of Sound Production and Reception
- 11.4. Functions of Intentionally Produced Sounds
- 11.5. Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate and Low-Frequency Military Sonars
- 11.6. Summary and Conclusions
- 11.7. Further Reading and Resources
Chapter 12. Diet, Foraging Structures, and Strategies
- 12.1. Introduction
- 12.2. Seasonal and Geographical Patterns of Prey Abundance
- 12.3. Adaptations for Foraging in Pinnipeds
- 12.4. Feeding Specializations of Cetaceans
- 12.5. Feeding Specializations of Sirenians
- 12.6. Feeding Specializations of Other Marine Mammals
- 12.7. Summary and Conclusions
- 12.8. Further Reading and Resources
Chapter 13. Reproductive Structures, Strategies, and Patterns
- 13.1. Introduction
- 13.2. Anatomy and Physiology of the Reproductive System
- 13.3. Mating Systems
- 13.4. Lactation Strategies
- 13.5. Reproductive Patterns
- 13.6. Summary and Conclusions
- 13.7. Further Reading and Resources
Chapter 14. Population Structure and Dynamics
- 14.1. Introduction
- 14.2. Abundance and Its Determination in Marine Mammals
- 14.3. Techniques for Monitoring Populations
- 14.4. Population Structure and Dynamics
- 14.5. Summary and Conclusions
- 14.6. Further Reading and Resources
Part 3. Exploitation, Conservation, and Management
Chapter 15. Exploitation and Conservation
- 15.1. Introduction
- 15.2. Exploitation of Marine Mammals
- 15.3. Marine Mammal Conservation and Protection
- 15.4. Progress and the Future
- 15.5. Summary and Conclusions
- 15.6. Further Reading and Resources
Product details
- No. of pages: 738
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 2015
- Published: March 20, 2015
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9780123972576
- Hardcover ISBN: 9780123970022
About the Authors
Annalisa Berta
Annalisa Berta is Professor of Biology in the Department of Biology at San Diego State University, San Diego, California and a Research Associate at the San Diego Natural History Museum in San Diego, California and the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C. She is an evolutionary biologist who for the last 30 years has been studying the anatomy, evolution and systematics of fossil and living marine mammals, especially pinnipeds and whales. She is a past President of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology and former Senior Editor of the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology and Associate Editor of Marine Mammal Science. She has written 100 scientific papers and several books for the specialist as well as non-scientist including Return to the Sea: The Life and Evolutionary Times of Marine Mammals, 2012, (University of California Press) and the forthcoming book (summer, 2015) Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises: a natural history and species guide (University of Chicago Press).
Affiliations and Expertise
San Diego State University, California, U.S.A.
James Sumich
James Sumich is Professor Emeritus of Biology at Grossmont College and is the author of a popular book on gray whales. He has conducted research on gray whales from British Columbia to Baja California for four decades and has taught marine mammal course for nearly that long. His research has focused on the ecological physiology of baleen whales, especially the energetics of their seasonal fasting migrations.
Affiliations and Expertise
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
Kit Kovacs
Kit M. Kovacs is the Biodiversity Research Program Leader for the Norwegian Polar Institute in Tromsø Norway and a Professor of Biology at University Studies on Svalbard (UNIS). She has worked with marine mammals in Polar Regions for the past 30 years, focusing primarily on studies in the fields of behavioral ecology and population biology. The impact of climate change on ice-associated species has been a topic of principal concern in recent years in her research projects. She is author/co-author of more than 200 primary publications and the author/editor of ten books and numerous popular articles.
Affiliations and Expertise
Biodiversity Research Section Leader, Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway, Professor of Biology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Svalbard, Norway