Male Accessory Sex Organs

List of Contributors

Preface

Part I Structure and Function

Chapter 1. Embryology, Anatomy, and Histology of the Male Sex Accessory Glands

I. Embryology

II. Anatomy and Histology

References

Chapter 2. Fine Structure and Cytochemistry of Male Sex Accessory Organs

I. Introduction

II. Basic Ultrastructural Organization of the Various Components of the Male Sex Accessory Tract

III. The Prostate Gland: Fine Structure and Cytochemistry

IV. The Seminal Vesicles

V. The Epididymis

VI. The Ductus Deferens

VII. Structural-Functional Correlations

References

Chapter 3. Fine Structural Aspects of Cytodifferentiation

I. Introduction

II. Precursor Structures: Fine Structure of the Wolffian Duct and the Urogenital Sinus

III. Changes in Fine Structure Surrounding the Onset of Androgen Secretion in the Fetus

IV. Formation of the Fetal Seminal Vesicle and Prostate

V. Postnatal Development

VI. Growth of the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus

VII. Degeneration of Cells during Development

VIII. Summary and Conclusion

References

Chapter 4. Pituitary Secretion of Gonadotropins: Factors Involved in Sexual Differentiation

I. Neural Control of Gonadotropin Secretion

II. Sexual Differentiation of the Hypothalamus

References

Chapter 5. Biochemical and Functional Properties Related to Sperm Metabolism and Fertility

I. Introduction

II. Testicular Environment

III. Ductuli Efferentes

IV. Epididymal Environment

V. Vas Deferens and Ampullary Glands

VI. Seminal Vesicle

VII. Prostate

References

Chapter 6. Zinc in Male Sex Accessory Organs: Distribution and Hormonal Response

I. Introduction

II. Gross Anatomic Localization

III. Cellular Anatomic Localization

IV. Zinc in Prostatic Fluid and Semen

V. Biochemical Studies of Zinc in the Reproductive Organs

VI. Physiological Response of Zinc to Hormones

VII. Possible Functions of Zinc in the Male Reproductive System

VIII. Zinc in Human Prostatic Disease

IX. Practical Applications of Zinc in the Male Sex Accessory Organs

References

Chapter 7. Effects of Nutrition on Male Accessory Organs

I. Introduction

II. Hormone-Nutrition Interrelationships

III. Association between Different Types of Malnutrition

IV. Analysis of Semen as a Diagnostic Aid in Assessing Changes in Accessory Organs due to Malnutrition

V. Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 8. Hormonal Regulation of Fine Structure

I. Introduction

II. Ultrastructural and Cytochemical Changes in the Rat Ventral Prostate Induced by Castration

III. Ultrastructural and Cytochemical Changes in Rat Prostatic Epithelium Induced by Hypophysectomy

IV. The Epididymis: Effects of Castration or Hypophysectomy

V. The Seminal Vesicles: Effects of Castration or Hypophysectomy

VI. Reversibility of the Involution Process: The Ability of Androgen to Restore Structural Integrity

VII. Functional-Structural Correlations

References

Chapter 9. Lysosomal Enzymes: Their Role in Secretion, Involution, and Other Processes in Male Sex Accessory Organs

I. Introduction

II. Presence of Acid Hydrolases in the Male Reproductive Tract

III. Subcellular Distribution of Lysosomal Enzymes in Male Sex Accessory Organs

IV. Role of Lysosomes in Secretory Processes in Sex Accessory Organs

V. Role of Hydrolases in Sex Accessory Organ Involution

VI. Role of Hydrolases in Aging

VII. Other Functions of Lysosomes in the Male Reproductive Tract

VIII. Concluding Remarks

References

Part II Molecular Biology of Hormone Action

Chapter 10. Androgen Receptors, Antiandrogens, and Uptake and Retention of Androgens in Male Sex Accessory Organs

I. Introduction

II. Androgens in Blood

III. Androgens in Target Organs

IV. Androphilic Proteins in Target Cells

V. Intracellular Translocation of Androgen Receptors in the Prostate

VI. Nature of 5α-Dihydrotestosterone-Binding Receptor Proteins

VII. Antiandrogens and Uptake and Retention of Androgens

VIII. Concluding Remarks

Note Added in Proof

References

Chapter 11. C19-Steroid Metabolism in Male Accessory Sex Glands. Correlation of Changes in Fine Structure and Radiometabolite Patterns in the Prostate of the Androgen-Deprived Dog

I. Introduction

II. C19-Steroid Biosynthesis in the Epididymis and Vas Deferens

III. C19-Steroid Transformations in Sex Accessory Organs

IV. Correlation of Changes in Fine Structure and C19-Steroid Radiometabolite Patterns in the Prostate of the Androgen-Deprived Dog

V. Concluding Remarks

Note Added in Proof

References

Chapter 12. The Effects of Androgens on DNA and RNA Synthesis in Sex Accessory Tissue

I. Introduction

II. RNA Metabolism

III. DNA Metabolism

References

Chapter 13. Cell Renewal and Mitogenic Activity of Testosterone in Male Sex Accessory Glands

I. Introduction

II. Effect of Testosterone on Growth and Cell Renewal

III. Effect of Continuous Androgen on Growth and Cell Renewal

IV. Mitotic Response in Different Accessory Sex Glands

V. Metabolism of Testosterone in Relation to its Mitogenic Activity

VI. Discussion

References

Part III Senescence and Pathology

Chapter 14. The Prostate Gland in Organ Culture

I. Introduction

II. Methods

III. Growth Pattern in Vivo

IV. Growth Patterns in Vitro

V. Effect of Hormones

VI. Interaction of Hormones with Testosterone

VII. Rat Prostate Gland as a Bioindicator of Androgenic Activity of Fetal Organs

VIII. Uptake of Testosterone

IX. Metabolism of Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone

X. Effects of Testosterone and Testosterone Metabolites on the Fine Structure of Mouse and Rat Prostate Glands

XI. Action of 20-Methylcholanthrene

XII. Influence of Steroid Hormones on the Methylcholanthrene Effect

XIII. The Effect of Hormones on Human Prostatic Tumors

XIV. Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 15. Experimental Carcinogenesis of the Prostate

I. Introduction

II. General Review of Cancer of the Prostate in Man

III. Model Systems

IV. Summary

Conclusions

References

Chapter 16. Fine Structure and Cytochemistry of Human Prostatic Carcinoma

I. Introduction

II. Clinical and Histological Classification of Prostatic Cancer

III. Ultrastructure of Prostatic Cancer Cells in Relation to Clinical Malignancy

IV. Histochemistry of Cancer of the Human Prostate

V. Comments

VI. Summary and Conclusions

References

Chapter 17. Hormone Dependence of Carcinoma of the Prostate

I. Historical Review

II. Endocrine Basis for Hormonal Procedures

III. Clinical Management of Carcinoma of the Prostate

IV. Prostatic Carcinoma—An Overgrowth of Normal Prostatic Epithelium?

References

Chapter 18. Immunologic Properties of Sex Accessory Tissue Components

I. Introduction

II. Prostate Tissue

III. Prostatic Fluid

IV. Considerations of Related Studies

V. Seminal Plasma and Seminal Vesicle

VI. Epididymis

VII. Conclusion

References

Chapter 19. Functional and Structural Changes in Accessory Sex Organs during Aging

I. Introduction

II. Structural Changes in Accessory Sexual Organs with Age

III. Functional Changes in Accessory Sexual Organs with Age

IV. Summary

References

Author Index

Subject Index