Low Grade Heat Driven Multi-Effect Distillation and Desalination

Low Grade Heat Driven Multi-effect Distillation and Desalination describes the development of advanced multi-effect evaporation technologies that are driven by low grade sensible heat, including process waste heat in refineries, heat rejection from diesel generators or microturbines, and solar and geothermal energy. The technologies discussed can be applied to desalination in remote areas, purifying produced water in oil-and-gas industries, and to re-concentrate process liquor in refineries.

This book is ideal for researchers, engineering scientists, graduate students, and industrial practitioners working in the desalination, petrochemical, and mineral refining sectors, helping them further understand the technologies and opportunities that relate to their respective industries.

For researchers and graduate students, the core enabling ideas in the book will provide insights and open up new horizons in thermal engineering.

• Focuses on advanced, yet practical, distillation technologies using low-grade sensible heat
• Explains the new design paradigm that must accompany the development of technologies
• Contains key experimental data that serves to prove the core concepts that underpin the new technologies
• Covers extensive thermo-economic analyses of the technologies, the price point for adoption, capital cost comparison with existing technologies, operating costs, and net present values

Researchers, engineering scientists, graduate students, and industrial practitioners working in desalination, petrochemical and mineral refining sectors

Chapter 1. Introduction to Desalination

• 1.1. Introduction
• 1.2. A Brief History of Desalination
• 1.3. Desalination Technologies
• 1.4. Energy Consumption and Environmental Impacts of Desalination Processes

Chapter 2. Low Grade Sensible Heat-Driven Distillation

• 2.1. Introduction to Low Grade Sensible Heat Sources
• 2.2. Conventional Multi-Effect Distillation Process
• 2.3. Preheated Multi-Effect Distillation Process
• 2.4. Boosted Multi-Effect Distillation Process
• 2.5. Flash-Boosted Multi-Effect Distillation Process

Chapter 3. Boosted Multi-Effect Distillation Pilot Plant

• 3.1. Introduction
• 3.2. Pilot Plant and Instrumentation
• 3.3. Process Simulation and Validation
• 3.4. Test Results
• 3.5. Conclusion

Chapter 4. Mathematical Simulation

• 4.1. Introduction
• 4.2. Mathematical Simulation Method

Chapter 5. Pumping Power Analysis

• 5.1. Introduction
• 5.2. Pressure Drops in Desalination Plants

Chapter 6. Waste Heat Performance Ratio

• 6.1. Introduction
• 6.2. Performance of Conventional Steam-Driven Multi-Effect Distillation Process
• 6.3. Performance of Sensible Heat-Driven Multi-Effect Distillation Process
• 6.4. The Waste Heat Performance Ratio

Chapter 7. Thermo-Economic Analysis

• 7.1. Introduction
• 7.2. Capital Cost Analysis
• 7.3. Operating Cost Analysis
• 7.4. Cash Flow and Capital Budgeting Metrics

Chapter 8. Application of Novel Low Grade Heat-Driven Distillation to Seawater Desalination

• 8.1. Introduction
• 8.2. Simulation Results
• 8.3. Thermoeconomic Analysis
• 8.4. Conclusion

Chapter 9. Application of Novel Low Grade Heat-Driven Distillation in Alumina Refineries

• 9.1. Introduction
• 9.2. Evaporation Process
• 9.3. A Novel Flash-Boosted Multi-Effect Evaporation for Alumina Refineries
• 9.4. A Novel Flash-Boosted Thermal Vapor Compression Multi-Effect Evaporation for Alumina Refineries

Appendix A. Seawater Enthalpy

Appendix B. Boiling Point Elevation and Nonequilibrium Allowance

Appendix C. Pressure Drop Across Plate Heat Exchangers

Appendix D. Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient in Condenser and Falling Film Evaporators

Appendix E. Plate Heat Exchanger Cost Estimation

Appendix F. Plate Heat Exchanger Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

Appendix G. Excel Spreadsheet