Invertebrate Embryology and Reproduction

Invertebrate Embryology and Reproduction deals with the practical and theoretical objectives of the descriptive embryology of invertebrates, along with discussions on reproduction in these groups of animals. It explains several morphological and anatomical expressions in the field and covers the embryology of invertebrate animals, starting from the Protozoa, to the Echinodermata, the Protochordate and Tunicates. These groups include economically important aquatic invertebrates, such as crustaceans, as well as medically important invertebrates and economic arthropods. Each chapter is preceded by the taxonomy of the discussed phylum and/or the species to enable the reader to locate the systematic position.

• Covers phylum definition, general characteristics, classification, reproduction, agametic reproduction, gametic reproduction, spawning, fertilization, development and embryogenesis
• Includes recent findings in the area, along with detailed figures and photos that illustrate important concepts
• Brings together difficult-to-obtain research data from the field, not only in Egyptian libraries, but globally, and previously only found through specialized references not widely available
• Clarifies descriptions with striking photos and electron microscopical studies of different species

Researchers in the field of crustacean reproduction biology, invertebrate reproductive biology, invertebrate physiology, zoology, comparative reproductive biology and endocrinology, evolutionary biology, aquaculture, animal behavior, and advanced UG/grad students and instructors in these areas. Aquaculture practitioners will also find it useful for their hatchery operations.

1. Historical Review

2. Introduction

A-Gametogenesis and Gametes

Origin of germ cells

Formation of Gametes

B-Fertilization

C- Development, Early Development

3. Kingdom Protista

Phylum Protozoa

Class 1- Mastigophora

Order Volvocida

Chlamydomonas

Volvox

Wonderful Features of Volvox

Class 2- Sarcodina

Subclass Rhizopoda

Difflugia

Subclass Actinopoda

Order Heliozoa

Actinophrys

Class 3- Sporozoa ???

Subclass Telosporidea

Monocystis

Class 4-Ciliophora

Order Hymenostomatida

Paramecium, Conjugation

Additional References

• Table of Classification of Animal Kingdom

4. Porifera (parazoa)

5. Cnidaria

6. Ctenophores

7. Platyheminthes

8. Nemertea

9. Nematoda

Definition

Historical Review

Characteristic Features

Classification

Reproduction

Agametic and parthenogenesis

Gametic reproduction

Development ???

10. Annelida

11. Archiannelides

12. Oligocheata

13. Hirudinea

14. Arthropods

Crustacea

Definition

Historical Review

General characters

A- Branchiopoda

i- Anostraca

Artemia

ii- Diplostraca

Daphnia

B- Cirripedia

Lepas sp.

C- Malacostraca

i- Hoplocarida

Squilla

ii- Eucarida

Decapoda

Penaeodea

Reptantia

Astasidae

Brachyura

15. Mollusca

Gastropoda

Cephalopoda (Siphonopoda)

General Characters

Classification

Reproduction

Agametic Reproduction

Gametic Reproduction

Spermatophores

Dehiscence of spermatophore

Formation of spermatophore

Hardening of spermatophore

Reproductive Behavior, Mating, Copulation, and Spawning

Development

16. Echinoderm

17. Tunicata

Subphylum Urochordata

General Characteristics

Order Pleuurogonea

Class Ascidiacea

Reproduction

Characteristics

Spawning

Classification

Fertilization

Order 1- Enterogona

Embryogenesis

Order 2- Pleurogona

Structure of fully formed larva

Reproduction

Experimental Studies

Agametic reproduction

Additional References

Gametic reproduction

Gametogenesis

Spermatogenesis

The sperm

Oogenesis

The full grown oocyte

Spawning

Fertilization

Early Development (Embryogenesis)

I-Maturation and Ooplasmic segregation

a- The completion of meiosis of the egg;

b- The development of the sperm pronucleus;

c- Ooplasmic segregation;

d- Syngamy, or pronuclear fusion.

II- Cleavage: (second phase of embryogenesis)

III- Gastrulation and Neurulation

Gastrulation

Neurulation

IV- Morphogenesis and Cell Differentiation

Hatching

Structure of fully formed larva

Metamorphosis

Endostyle

Atrium

Alimentary canal

Nervous system

Time required for development

Experimental Studies

Additional References