Introduction to the Properties of Crystal Surfaces

International Series on Materials Science and Technology

1st Edition - January 1, 1973
Author: J. M. Blakely
Editor: W. S. Owen
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 5 6 8 0 - 4

Introduction to the Properties of Crystal Surfaces is an introductory text on crystal surfaces and their properties. A variety of phenomena, including electron emission, adsorption… Read more

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Introduction to the Properties of Crystal Surfaces is an introductory text on crystal surfaces and their properties. A variety of phenomena, including electron emission, adsorption and oxidation, adhesion, friction, nucleation and epitaxial growth, and heterogeneous catalysis, are described by considering the details of the atomic and electronic structure in the surface region. This volume is comprised of seven chapters and begins with a discussion on the thermodynamics of surfaces, along with the equilibrium configuration at the intersection of interfaces and the effects of curvature of crystalline surfaces. The next chapter examines the properties of interfaces in multi-component systems, followed by an analysis of experimental measurements of surface tension in solids. The atomic structure of crystal surfaces and some theoretical aspects of surface studies are also considered, and experimental methods in used in such studies are outlined. The final chapter deals with two atomic processes that are involved in a number of reactions at crystal surfaces: surface atomic diffusion and adsorption. This book is intended for senior undergraduates in a materials science type of curriculum or those beginning research work in the field or associated areas.

List of Tables

Preface

1 Thermodynamics of Surfaces

1.1 Introduction

1.2 One-Component Systems

1.3 Surface Tension and Surface Stress

1.4 Variation of Surface Tension with Orientation

1.5 Intersection of Interfaces

1.6 Curved Interfaces and the Gibbs-Thompson Relation

2 Multicomponent Systems

2.1 Definitions

2.2 Adsorption Isotherms

2.3 Statistical Thermodynamics of Surfaces in Binary Systems

2.3.1 Free Surface of a Binary Solid Solution

2.4 Continuum Approach to the Description of Interfaces

3 Experimental Measurements of Surface Tension in Solids

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Surface Tension from Cleavage Experiments

3.3 Method of Zero Creep

3.4 Mass Transport Measurements

3.5 Calorimetric Measurements

3.6 Measurement of Surface Stress in Solids

3.7 Determination of the Variation of γ with Orientation

3.7.1. Twin and Grain Boundary-Surface Intersections

3.7.2 Equilibrium Shapes and Faceting

4 Atomic Structure of Crystal Surfaces

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Ideal Surfaces

4.3 Real Surfaces

4.3.1 Surface Relaxation

4.3.2 Surface Point Defects

4.4 Defects near Ionic Crystal Surfaces

4.5 Cooperative Effects among Surface Defects

4.6 Interactions between Surface Steps

5 Some Theoretical Aspects of Surface Studies

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Surface Structure and Surface Tension of Ionic Crystals and Inert Gas Crystals

5.3 Semi-Empirical Estimates of Surface Tension in Crystals

5.4 Metal Surfaces

5.4.1 The Free Electron Model

5.4.2 The Infinite Square Surface Barrier

5.4.3 Realistic Surface Barrier and the Electronic Work Function of a Metal

5.4.4 Surface Tension of Metals

5.5 Electronic Surface States

5.6 Surface Atom Vibrations

6 Experimental Methods in Surface Studies

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Microscopy of Surfaces

6.2.1 Optical Microscopy

6.2.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy

6.2.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy

6.2.4 Field Emission Microscopy

6.2.5 Field Ion Microscopy

6.3 Electron Diffraction from Surfaces

6.4 Surface Composition

6.4.1 Methods Based on Electronic Energy Levels

6.4.2 Methods Based on Identification by Mass

6.5 Work Function Measurements

6.5.1 Absolute Measurements

6.5.2 Contact Potential Difference Measurements

6.6 Other Techniques in Surface Studies

7 Atomic Processes at Surfaces

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Surface Atomic Diffusion

7.3 Mass Transport Due to Capillarity

7.4 Adsorption on Surfaces

7.4.1 Origin of the Binding Energy in Adsorption

7.4.2 Thermodynamics of Adsorption

7.4.3 Structure of Adsorbed Layers on Single Crystals

7.4.4 Work Function Changes during Adsorption

7.4.5 Kinetics of Adsorption and Desorption

Some General References

Index