Hydraulics and Pneumatics

Hydraulics and Pneumatics: A Technician's and Engineer's Guide provides an introduction to the components and operation of a hydraulic or pneumatic system. This book discusses the main advantages and disadvantages of pneumatic or hydraulic systems. Organized into eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of industrial prime movers. This text then examines the three different types of positive displacement pump used in hydraulic systems, namely, gear pumps, vane pumps, and piston pumps. Other chapters consider the pressure in a hydraulic system, which can be quickly and easily controlled by devices such as unloading and pressure regulating valves. This book discusses as well the importance of control valves in pneumatic and hydraulic systems to regulate and direct the flow of fluid from compressor or pump to the various load devices. The final chapter deals with the safe-working practices of the systems. This book is a valuable resource for process control engineers.

Preface

1 Fundamental Principles

Industrial Prime Movers

A Brief System Comparison

An Electrical System

A Hydraulic System

A Pneumatic System

A comparison

Definition of Terms

Mass and Force

Pressure

Work, Energy and Power

Torque

Pascal's Law

Pressure Measurement

Fluid Flow

Temperature

Temperature Scales

Temperature Measurement

Gas Laws

2 Hydraulic Pumps and Pressure Regulation

Pressure Regulation

Pump Types

Gear Pumps

Vane Pumps

Piston Pumps

Combination Pumps

Loading Valves

Filters

3 Air Compressors, Air Treatment and Pressure Regulation

Compressor Types

Piston Compressors

Screw Compressors

Rotary Compressors

Dynamic Compressors

Air Receivers and Compressor Control

Air Treatment

Stages of Air Treatment

Filters

Air Dryers

Lubricators

Pressure Regulation

Relief Valves

Non-Relieving Pressure Regulators

Relieving Pressure Regulators

Service Units

4 Control Valves

Graphic Symbols

Types of Control Valve

Poppet Valves

Spool Valves

Rotary Valves

Pilot-Operated Valves

Check Valves

Pilot-Operated Check Valves

Restriction Check Valves

Shuttle and Fast Exhaust Valves

Sequence Valves

Time Delay Valves

Servo Valves

Modular and Cartridge Valves

5 Actuators

Linear Actuators

Construction

Mounting Arrangements

Cylinder Dynamics

Seals

Rotary Actuators

Constructional Details

Application Notes

Speed Control

Actuator Synchronisation

Regeneration

Counterbalance and Dynamic Braking

Pilot-Operated Check Valves

Pre-Fill and Compression Relief

6 Hydraulic and Pneumatic Accessories

Hydraulic Reservoirs

Hydraulic accumulators

Hydraulic Coolers and Heat Exchangers

Hydraulic Fluids

Pneumatic Piping, Hoses and Connections

Hydraulic Piping, Hosing and Connections

7 Process Control Pneumatics

Signals and Standards

The Flapper-Nozzle

Volume Boosters

The Air Relay and the Force Balance Principle

Pneumatic Controllers

Process Control Valves and Actuators

Flow Control Valves

Actuators

Valve Positioners

Converters

I-P Converters

P-I Converters

Sequencing Applications

8 Fault-Finding and Maintenance

Safety

Cleanliness

Fault-finding Instruments

Fault-Finding

Preventive Maintenance

Index