Human Ecology and Infectious Diseases

Contributors

Preface


1. Human Behavior, Parasites, and Infectious Diseases

I. Introduction

II. The Measurement of Individual Behavioral Actions as Risk Factors of Infection

III. Overdispersion of Helminths as a Consequence of Exposure and Susceptibility

IV. The Distribution of Helminths in Communities and its Association with Socioagricultural Practices

V. Culture, Attitudes, and Human Behavior

VI. Complexity, Diversity, and Sociocultural Integration

References


2. Human Behavior and Parasitic Zoonoses in North America

I. Introduction

II. Trichinosis

III. Cystic Hydatid Disease (Echinococcosis)

IV. Alveolar Hydatid Disease

V. Toxocariasis

References


3. Human Behavior and Zoonotic Diseases in Malaysia

I. Introduction

II. Some Important Zoonotic Diseases

III. Summary

References


4. Filariasis in Southeast Asia

I. Introduction

II. Historical Background

III. Morphology

IV. Vectors

V. Important Mosquito Vectors and their Relationship to Human Ecology

VI. Life Cycles

VII. Periodicity

VIII. Clinical Signs

IX. Epidemiology

X. Laboratory Diagnosis

XI. Distribution in Southeast Asia

XII. Conclusions

References


5. Intestinal Capillariasis in the Philippines and Thailand

I. Introduction

II. History

III. Distribution and Prevalence

IV. Climate

V. Parasite

VI. Experimental Life Cycle

VII. Disease

VIII. Pathology

IX. Diagnosis

X. Treatment

XI. Transmission

XII. Occupation and Habits

XIII. Sanitation

XIV. Comments

References


6. Changing Patterns of Parasitic Infections in Japan

I. Introduction

II. Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases: Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworm, and Whipworm Infections

III. Endemic Helminthic Infections

IV. Parasitic Infections through Marine and Anadromous Fishes

V. Other Helminthic Infections

VI. Protozoan Diseases

VII. Conclusion

References


7. Parasite Control Activities in Japan: Government-Expert-Private Sector Partnership

I. Introduction

II. Tokyo Parasite Control Association

III. Government Attitude

IV. Establishment of Japan Association of Parasite Control

V. Government Policy and Programs

VI. Factors Contributing to the Decrease in Parasitic Infections

VII. Preventive Medicine

VIII. International Cooperation in Parasitic Control

IX. Conclusion

References


8. Human Ecology and the Distribution and Abundance of Hookworm Populations

I. Introduction and General Ecological Background

II. The Ecology of Interacting Human and Hookworm Populations in Rural West Bengal

III. Implications for Control

IV. Relevance for Socioeconomic Development

References


9. The Human Environment and Helminth Infections: A Biomedical Study of Four Nigerian Villages

I. Introduction

II. The Communities

III. Description of Village Sanitation

IV. Endemic Helminth Infections

V. Socioeconomic and Behavioral Factors and Intensity of Infections

VI. Strategies for Control of Helminthiases in Rural Nigeria

VII. Conclusion

References


10. The Transmission of Trypanosoma Cruzi Infection to Man and its Control

I. Introduction

II. Transmission to Man without the Insect Vector

III. Transmission to Man by the Insect Vector

IV. Transmission Cycles Involving Bugs and Animals and their Relevance to Man

V. Behavior of Domestic Bug Populations

VI. Human Ecology and Trypanosoma Cruzi Transmission

VII. Control of Domestic Transmission

VIII. A Concluding Perspective

References


11. Paleoparasitology: On the Origins and Impact of Human-Helminth Relationships

I. Introduction

II. Sources and Limitations of Evidence

III. General Consideration of the Evolution and Life Cycles of Hominoid Parasites

IV. Heirlooms and Souvenirs: A Probable Helminthofaunal Succession in the Transition from Arboreal Monkeys and Apes to Terrestrial Hominids

V. Human Inventions and Interventions in the Adaptive Evolution of Helminth Parasites

References


12. Brucellosis in Nigeria: Epidemiology and Practical Problems of Control

I. Introduction

II. Description of Nigeria and Information on Livestock Activities

III. Epidemiology of Brucellosis in Nigeria

IV. Prevention and Control of Brucellosis in Nigeria

References


13. Epidemiology Patterns in Directly Transmitted Human Infections

I. Introduction

II. Theoretical Background

III. Childhood Viral and Bacterial Diseases

IV. Implications for Control

V. Discussion

References

Index