
Gut Microbiome and Behavior
Description
Key Features
- Contains the expertise of contributors in the field who discuss the gut microbiome and its effect on the brain and behavior
- Defines the scope of the influence of the gut microbiome and the potential mechanisms and implications
- Charts the way forward in this frontier area of research
Readership
Table of Contents
Preface: The Gut Microbiome and Behavior under the microscope: Where to focus?
- Setting the Stage
- Brain Regions of Interest
- Zooming in on the Gut Microbiome and Behavior at the Extremes of Life
- The Gut Microbiome Though the Aperture of Stress
- Resolving the Question of Mechanisms
- Vision for the Future
Chapter One: Role of the Intestinal Microbiota in Host Responses to Stressor Exposure
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Stress and the Stress Response
- 3 Stressor Exposure and the Intestinal Microbiota
- 4 Role of the Microbiota in the Body's Response to Stress
- 5 Conclusions
Chapter Two: The Influence of Prebiotics on Neurobiology and Behavior
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Prebiotics
- 3 Neurobiological Changes Associated with Prebiotic Intake
- 4 Prebiotic-Mediated Changes in Behavior
- 5 Mechanistic Considerations
- 6 Conclusion
Chapter Three: Gut Microbiome and Behavior: Focus on Neuroimmune Interactions
- Abstract
- 1 Microbiota–Brain Axis
- 2 Microbiota and Immune Signaling Influence Behavior
- 3 Probiotics Attenuate Stress- and Immune-Related Changes in Behavior
- 4 Future Directions
Chapter Four: Neuropeptides, Microbiota, and Behavior
- Abstract
- 1 Neuropeptides Transcend Boundaries
- 2 Signaling Pathways in Gut–Brain Communication
- 3 Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides in Gut Microbiota–Host Communication
- 4 Microbiota Controls of the Availability of Amino Acids Required for Neuropeptide Synthesis
- 5 Interaction of the Gut Microbiota with Neuroactive Gut Hormones
- 6 Control of Neuropeptide Activity via Gut Microbiota-Dependent Autoantibodies
- 7 Control of Peptide Signaling Through a Gut Microbiota–BBB Interaction
- 8 Cerebral Neuropeptides Mediating the Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Brain Function and Behavior
- 9 Conclusion: The Gut Microbiota–Neuropeptide Network
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Five: Microbes and Oxytocin: Benefits for Host Physiology and Behavior
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Oxytocin: A Multifunctional Neuropeptide
- 3 Parallels Between Gut Bacteria and Oxytocin Effects
- 4 Direct Evidence for Oxytocin-Depended Gut Bacteria Beneficial Effects
- 5 Oxytocin and Gut Bacteria: An Advanced Quorum-Sensing Mechanism of Mammals?
- 6 Probiotic Bacteria-Induced Endogenous Oxytocin for Therapy
Chapter Six: Intestinal Barrier and Behavior
- Abstract
- 1 The Intestinal Barrier: An Overview
- 2 Can an Altered Barrier Function Disrupt Behavioral Responses?
- 3 Stressors Affecting Both Behavior and Gut Barrier Function
- 4 Concluding Remarks
Chapter Seven: Toxoplasma gondii—A Gastrointestinal Pathogen Associated with Human Brain Diseases
- Abstract
- 1 The Biology of Toxoplasma Infection
- 2 Epidemiology of Toxoplasma Infection
- 3 Chronic Toxoplasma Infection of Humans and Experimental Animals
- 4 Toxoplasma Exposure and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
- 5 Toxoplasma and Intestinal Inflammation
- 6 Current Status of Anti-Toxoplasma Medications
- 7 Ongoing Research Needs
- 8 Conclusions
Chapter Eight: Exercise and Prebiotics Produce Stress Resistance: Converging Impacts on Stress-Protective and Butyrate-Producing Gut Bacteria
- Abstract
- 1 Stress and Health
- 2 Gut Microbial Organisms and Their Metabolites Are Emerging Mediators of the Health Impacts of Stress
- 3 Prebiotic Diets and Exercise Can Promote Stress-Protective Probiotic Bacteria
- 4 Prebiotic Diets and Exercise Promote Resistance Against the Behavioral and Neurobiological Consequences of Inescapable Stress Through Unique and Overlapping Mechanisms
- 5 The Stress-Protective Effects of Prebiotics and Exercise May Be Age Dependent
Chapter Nine: Circadian Rhythm and the Gut Microbiome
- Abstract
- 1 Circadian Rhythms in Health
- 2 Circadian Rhythms in Disease
- 3 Circadian Rhythms and the Intestinal Microbiota
- 4 Conclusion
Chapter Ten: Sleep and Microbes
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction: History
- 2 Sleep Physiology
- 3 Bacterial Challenge Affects Sleep
- 4 Sleep Loss Promotes Intestinal Bacterial Translocation
- 5 Cecal Ligation
- 6 Bacterial Components Driving Sleep Responses
- 7 Sleep Responses to Virus Challenge
- 8 Sleep Responses to Other Microbes
- 9 Mechanisms
- 10 Are Sleep Responses to Microbes Adaptive?
- 11 Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Eleven: Cognitive Function and the Microbiome
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Development of the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis
- 3 Cognition in Gastroenterology
- 4 Cognition in Extraintestinal Manifestations
- 5 Microbiota and Cognition
- 6 Probiotics and Cognition
- 7 Future Directions
- 8 Conclusions
Chapter Twelve: The Intestinal Microbiota in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The General Appeal of the Microbiota as Putative Pathogenetic Factor in IBS
- 3 Factors Known to Precipitate or Exacerbate IBS also Induce Intestinal Dysbiosis
- 4 Evidence of Dysbiosis in IBS Patients
- 5 Proof of Principle that Intestinal Dysbiosis Alters Function in the Gut and Brain
- 6 Future Directions
Chapter Thirteen: Gut-to-Brain Axis in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Central Role for the Microbiome
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The Rodakis Case
- 3 Microbiome in ASD: Correlation Studies
- 4 From Correlation to Causation
- 5 Possible Mechanisms of Microbiome–Brain Axis in Autism
- 6 Conclusion
Chapter Fourteen: The Microbiome of the Built Environment and Human Behavior: Implications for Emotional Health and Well-Being in Postmodern Western Societies
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Global Trends Toward Urbanization
- 3 Shift in the Human Microbiome During the First and Second Epidemiological Transitions
- 4 Differences Between the Microbiomes of the Outdoor Environment and the Built Environment
- 5 The Microbiome of the Built Environment, Immunoregulation, and Human Behavior
- 6 Inflammation Anergic Macrophages
- 7 Regulatory Macrophages
- 8 Urban Upbringing and City Living Affect Neural Social Stress Processing
- 9 Conclusions
Chapter Fifteen: The Importance of Diet and Gut Health to the Treatment and Prevention of Mental Disorders
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Diet and Mental Health Across the Lifespan
- 3 The Importance of Diet for Gut Health Across the Lifespan
- 4 Opportunities for Prevention and Treatment of Mental Health Disorders
- 5 Conclusion
Product details
- No. of pages: 432
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 2016
- Published: October 25, 2016
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9780128039762
- Hardcover ISBN: 9780128039496
About the Serial Volume Editors
John F. Cryan

Affiliations and Expertise
Gerard Clarke
