Gordis Epidemiology
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From the Department of Epidemiology at Johns Hopkins University and continuing in the tradition of award-winning educator and epidemiologist Dr. Leon Gordis, comes the fully revised 6th Edition of Gordis Epidemiology. This bestselling text provides a solid introduction to basic epidemiologic principles as well as practical applications in public health and clinical practice, highlighted by real-world examples throughout. New coverage includes expanded information on genetic epidemiology, epidemiology and public policy, and ethical and professional issues in epidemiology, providing a strong basis for understanding the role and importance of epidemiology in today’s data-driven society.
Table of Contents
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Notes to Instructors
- Copyright
- In Memoriam
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Section I: The Epidemiologic Approach to Disease and Intervention
- Introduction
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- What Is Epidemiology?
- Objectives of Epidemiology
- Epidemiology and Prevention
- Epidemiology and Clinical Practice
- Epidemiologic Approach
- From Observations to Preventive Actions
- When the Frequency of a Disease Declines, Who Deserves the Credit?
- Integrating Prevention and Treatment
- Conclusion
- Chapter 2: The Dynamics of Disease Transmission
- Modes of Transmission
- Clinical and Subclinical Disease
- Carrier Status
- Endemic, Epidemic, and Pandemic
- Disease Outbreaks
- Immunity and Susceptibility
- Herd Immunity
- Incubation Period
- Attack Rate
- Exploring Occurrence of Disease
- Outbreak Investigation
- Conclusion
- Review Questions for Chapter 2
- Chapter 3: The Occurrence of Disease: I. Disease Surveillance and Measures of Morbidity
- Surveillance
- Stages of Disease in an Individual and in a Population
- Measures of Morbidity
- Conclusion
- Review Questions for Chapter 3
- Chapter 4: The Occurrence of Disease: II. Mortality and Other Measures of Disease Impact
- Measures of Mortality
- Comparing Mortality in Different Populations
- Other Measures of the Impact of Disease
- Conclusion
- Review Questions for Chapter 4
- Chapter 5: Assessing the Validity and Reliability of Diagnostic and Screening Tests
- Biologic Variation of Human Populations
- Validity of Screening Tests
- Use of Multiple Tests
- Predictive Value of a Test
- Reliability (Repeatability) of Tests
- Relationship Between Validity and Reliability
- Conclusion
- Appendices to Chapter 5
- Review Questions for Chapter 5
- Chapter 6: The Natural History of Disease: Ways of Expressing Prognosis
- Case-Fatality
- Person-Years
- Five-Year Survival
- Observed Survival
- The Kaplan-Meier Method
- Assumptions Made in Using Life Tables and Kaplan-Meier Method
- Apparent Effects on Prognosis of Improvements in Diagnosis
- Median Survival Time
- Relative Survival
- Generalizability of Survival Data
- Conclusion
- Review Questions for Chapter 6
- Section II: Using Epidemiology to Identify the Cause of Disease
- Introduction
- Chapter 7: Observational Studies
- Case Reports and Case Series
- Ecologic Studies
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Case-Control Studies
- Conclusion
- Review Questions for Chapter 7
- Chapter 8: Cohort Studies
- Design of a Cohort Study
- Selection of Study Populations
- Types of Cohort Studies
- Examples of Cohort Studies
- Cohort Studies for Investigating Childhood Health and Disease
- Potential Biases in Cohort Studies
- When Is a Cohort Study Warranted?
- Case-Control Studies Based Within a Defined Cohort
- Conclusion
- Review Questions for Chapter 8
- Chapter 9: Comparing Cohort and Case-Control Studies
- Chapter 10: Assessing Preventive and Therapeutic Measures: Randomized Trials
- Selection of Subjects
- Allocating Subjects to Treatment Groups Without Randomization
- Allocating Subjects Using Randomization
- Data Collection on Subjects
- Crossover
- Factorial Design
- Noncompliance
- Conclusion
- Chapter 11: Randomized Trials: Some Further Issues
- Sample Size
- Recruitment and Retention of Study Participants
- Ways of Expressing the Results of Randomized Trials
- Interpreting the Results of Randomized Trials
- Four Phases in Testing New Drugs in the United States
- Five Major Randomized Trials in the United States
- Randomized Trials for Evaluating Widely Accepted Interventions
- Registration of Clinical Trials
- Ethical Considerations
- Conclusion
- Epilogue
- Review Questions for Chapters 10 and 11
- Chapter 12: Estimating Risk: Is There an Association?
- Absolute Risk
- How Do We Determine Whether a Certain Disease Is Associated With a Certain Exposure?
- Relative Risk
- Odds Ratio (Relative Odds)
- Conclusion
- Review Questions for Chapter 12
- Appendix to Chapter 12
- Chapter 13: More on Risk: Estimating the Potential for Prevention
- Attributable Risk
- Comparison of Relative Risk and Attributable Risk
- Conclusion
- Review Questions for Chapter 13
- Appendix to Chapter 13: Levin's Formula for the Attributable Risk for the Total Population
- Chapter 14: From Association to Causation: Deriving Inferences From Epidemiologic Studies
- Approaches for Studying Disease Etiology
- Types of Associations
- Types of Causal Relationships
- Evidence for a Causal Relationship
- Guidelines for Judging Whether an Observed Association Is Causal
- Deriving Causal Inferences: Two Examples
- Modifications of the Guidelines for Causal Inferences
- Conclusion
- Review Questions for Chapter 14
- Chapter 15: More on Causal Inference: Bias, Confounding, and Interaction
- Bias
- Confounding
- Interaction
- Conclusion
- Review Questions for Chapter 15
- Chapter 16: Identifying the Roles of Genetic and Environmental Factors in Disease Causation
- Traditional Genetics
- Complex Diseases
- Time Trends in Disease Incidence
- Linkage Analysis in Family Studies
- Interaction Between Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors
- Precision Medicine
- Prospects for the Future
- Conclusion
- Review Questions for Chapter 16
- Glossary of Genetic Terms for Chapter 16
- Section III: Applying Epidemiology to Evaluation and Policy
- Introduction
- Chapter 17: Using Epidemiology to Evaluate Health Services
- Studies of Process and Outcome
- Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Efficiency
- Measures of Outcome
- Comparing Epidemiologic Studies of Disease Etiology and Epidemiologic Research Evaluating Effectiveness of Health Services
- Evaluation Using Group Data
- Evaluation Using Individual Data
- Conclusion
- Review Questions for Chapter 17
- Chapter 18: Epidemiologic Approach to Evaluating Screening Programs
- Natural History of Disease
- Pattern of Disease Progression
- Methodologic Issues
- Study Designs for Evaluating Screening: Nonrandomized and Randomized Studies
- Problems in Assessing the Sensitivity and Specificity of Screening Tests
- Interpreting Study Results That Show No Benefit of Screening
- Cost-Benefit Analysis of Screening
- Conclusion
- Review Questions for Chapter 18
- Chapter 19: Epidemiology and Public Policy
- Epidemiology and Prevention
- Population Approaches Versus High-Risk Approaches to Prevention
- Epidemiology and Clinical Medicine: Hormone Replacement Therapy in Postmenopausal Women
- Risk Assessment
- Meta-Analysis
- Publication Bias
- Epidemiology in the Courts
- Sources and Impact of Uncertainty
- Policy Issues Regarding Risk: What Should the Objectives Be?
- Conclusion
- Chapter 20: Ethical and Professional Issues in Epidemiology
- Ethical Issues in Epidemiology
- Investigators’ Obligations to Study Subjects
- Protecting Privacy and Confidentiality
- Access to Data
- Race and Ethnicity in Epidemiologic Studies
- Conflict of Interest
- Interpreting Findings
- Conclusion
- Answers to Review Questions
- Chapter 1
- Chapter 2
- Chapter 3
- Chapter 4
- Chapter 5
- Chapter 6
- Chapter 7
- Chapter 8
- Chapter 9
- Chapters 10 and 11
- Chapter 12
- Chapter 13
- Chapter 14
- Chapter 15
- Chapter 16
- Chapter 17
- Chapter 18
- Chapters 19 and 20
- Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 433
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Elsevier 2018
- Published: October 19, 2018
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Paperback ISBN: 9780323552295
- eBook ISBN: 9780323552318
About the Authors
David Celentano
Affiliations and Expertise
Charles Armstrong Chair and Professor, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
Moyses Szklo
Affiliations and Expertise
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland