Gasification

This book provides an excellent overview of current technologies for the gasification of coal, oil, gas, biomass and waste feedstocks. Starting from the basic theory, it reviews the potential feedstocks and their suitability for different types of gasification process.

Commercial and near-commercial processes are described individually and various features discussed in detail. There is a comprehensive review of contaminants in synthesis gas as well as of gas treating processes. One chapter is devoted to discussions of various chemical, fuel and power applications for gasification. Economic, environmental and safety issues of gasification are also covered.

Both authors have been involved with gasification for over 30 years, gaining in the process a fund of practical insight and experience, which is evident throughout the book.

• Addresses practical issues such as selection of the best equipment.
• Ideal reference for anyone involved in operating or designing a gasification plant.
• Written in an easy-to-understand format with worked examples and a comprehensive glossary and bibliography.

Chemical engineers, refining, petrochemical industries, chemical engineering students.

Preface

1. Introduction
   1.1 Historical Development of Gasification 1.2 Gasification Today
2. The Thermodynamics of Gasification 2.1 Reactions 2.2 Thermodynamic Modelling of Gasification 2.3 Deductions from the Thermodynamic Model 2.4 Optimizing Process Conditions
3. The Kinetics of Gasification and Reactor Theory 3.1 Kinetics 3.2 Reactor Theory 3.3 Applications to Reactor Design
4. Feedstocks and Feedstock Characteristics 4.1 Coals and Coke 4.2 Liquid and Gaseous Feedstocks 4.3 Biomass 4.4 Wastes
5. Gasification Processes 5.1 Moving Bed Processes 5.2 Fluid Bed Processes 5.3 Entrained Flow Processes 5.4 Oil Gasification and Partial Oxidation of Natural Gas 5.5 Biomass Gasification 5.6 Gasification of Wastes 5.7 Black Liquor Gasification 5.8 Miscellaneous Gasification Processes
6. Practical Issues 6.1 Effect of Pressure 6.2 Pressurization of Coal 6.3 Coal Sizing and Drying 6.4 Reactor Design 6.5 Burners 6.6 Synthesis Gas Cooling 6.7 Particulate Removal 6.8 Process Measurement 6.9 Trace Compounds in Synthesis Gas 6.10 Choice of Oxidant 6.11 Corrosion Aspects
7. Applications 7.1 Chemicals 7.2 Synfuels 7.3 Power
8. Auxiliary Technologies 8.1 Oxygen Supply 8.2 Acid Gas Removal 8.3 CO Shift 8.4 Sulphur Recovery
9. Economics, Environmental and Safety Issues 9.1 Economics 9.2 Environmental 9.3 Safety
10. Gasification and the Future

Appendix A The Companion Website Appendix B Conversion factors Appendix C Emissions conversion factors Appendix D Guidelines for Reporting Operating Statistics for Gasification Facilities Appendix E Basis for calculations

Nomenclature Names of Processes and Companies and Abbreviations Index