Gaseous Dielectrics

Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Gaseous Dielectrics, Knoxville, Tennessee, U.S.A., May 3—7, 1987

1st Edition - January 1, 1987
Editors: Loucas G. Christophorou, Don W. Bouldin
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 9 1 0 7 - 2

Gaseous Dielectrics V presents the proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Gaseous Dielectrics, held in Knoxville, Tennessee on May 3–7, 1987. This book discusses the… Read more

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Gaseous Dielectrics V presents the proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Gaseous Dielectrics, held in Knoxville, Tennessee on May 3–7, 1987. This book discusses the effective coupling between basic and applied research and technology achieved in this area. Organized into 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the status of theoretical calculations of excitation and ionization coefficients for electrons. This text then provides an extensive investigation into different phases of discharge development in electronegative gases. Other chapters consider the use of sulfur hexafluoride as a dielectric medium in rail systems and gas circuit breakers. This book reviews as well the primary requirements for a successful gas analysis program, with emphasis on measurement and interpretation methods. The final chapter deals with the progress in dielectric quality assurance of gas insulated substations (GIS), which has resulted from improved scientific knowledge of significant phenomena. This book is a valuable resource for electrical and electronics engineers.

Chapter 1: Basic Physics of Gaseous Dielectrics

Excitation and Ionization Coefficients

Discussion

Laser-Enhanced Electron Attachment and Its Possible Application for Optical Switching

Discussion

Galvanooptical Measurement of Photodetachment from Negative Ion Swarms in Oxygen

Discussion

Electron Collision Cross Sections for C2F6 and N2O

Discussion

A Macroscopic Model of Electron Swarm Motion in Non-Equilibrium Regions

Non-Equilibrium Description of Electrons in a Gas Influenced by Space-Time Varying Electric Fields

Temperature Dependent Electron Transport and Rate Coefficient Studies for e-Beam-Sustained Diffuse Gas Discharge Switching

Time Dependent Conductivity Studies of Electron Thermalisation in Simple Gases

Chapter 2: Basic Mechanisms

Breakdown Mechanisms in Electronegative Gases

Discussion

Predischarge Development in N2 and SF6 at High Gas Pressures

Discussion

Effect of Temperature on the Uniform Field Breakdown Strength of Electronegative Gases

Discussion

The Influence of Thermal Ionization on Electrical Breakdown

Discussion

Contribution to a Unified Theory of the Leader Processes

Discussion

Mechanism of a Short Gap Breakdown

Experimental Investigation of the Streamer to Leader Transition in SF6 Under Negative Polarity

Modeling of Leader Branching in Electronegative Gases

The Leader Inception Characteristics in Positive Sphere-Plane Air Gaps

Velocity Measurements in Mixtures of SF6 and N2 in Non-Uniform Field Gaps Under Positive Impulse Voltage

Chapter 3: Gas Decomposition/Reacnons/Toxicity

Decomposition of SF6 by Arc Discharge and the Determination of tne Reaction Product S2F10

Discussion

Corona-Induced Decomposition of Dielectric Gases

Discussion

Investigations of the Toxicological Action of Spark-Decomposed SF6 in Mammalian Cells

Discussion

Degradation of the Dielectric Properties of SF6 Due to the Presence of Gaseous Impurities; Deviations of the "Paschen's Law" at High Pressures for Positive Polarity

Discussion

The Influence of Impurities on the Dielectric Strength of SF6 for Positive Polarity; The Nature of Initiatory Electrons

Formation and Stability of SF5 and S2F10

SOF4 Production in Spark Breakdown of SF6/O2 Mixtures

Assay of SF6 and Spark-Decomposed SF6 for Mutagenic Activity in the CHO/HGPRT Mammalian Cell System

Chapter 4: Diagnostics/Field Probes

Gas Analysis as a Diagnostic Tool for Gas-Insulated Equipment

Discussion

On the Possibility of Diagnostics of GCB and GIS by Gas Chromatography

Discussion

On the Electrostatics of Probe Measurements of Surface Charge Densities

Discussion

Measurement of Accumulated Charge on Dielectric Surfaces with an Electrostatic Probe

Discussion

The Effect of Humidity on Space Charge Growth in Short Air Gaps

Laser Probing of Air Gaps Under AC Conditions

Chapter 5: Gases/Mixtures for GIS Transformers and Circuit Breakers

Predicting the Breakdown Strength of Mixtures from Basic Data

Discussion

The Dielectric Strength of Dichlorotetrafluoroethane (1,2-C2Cl2F4) Determined in a Combined Swarm/Breakdown Study

Discussion

The Influence of Gaseous Admixtures to SF6 on the Corona Stabilized Regime at AC and at Positive Impulse Voltage

Discussion

Nonuniform Field Corona and Breakdown Characteristics of SF6/Freon Mixtures

Discussion

Effect of a Trichlorotrifluoroethane Vapor Additive on Dielectric Strength of SF6 Gas

Measurement of the Figure of Merit M for Several Perfluorocarbon Gases

Breakdown Voltage Measurement of Some Vapor-Mist Dielectrics

Chapter 6: Gaseous Media for Discharge Chemistry and Etching/Coron

Gaseous Media for Plasma Chemistry and Etching

Discussion

Practical Implications of Dry Plasma Processing

Discussion

Important Considerations for Optimizing Production Rates in RF Discharge Chemistry

Discussion

Negative DC Corona Discharge in SF6 for Highly Divergent Fields

Discussion

Calculation of Corona Onset Voltage with Space Charge Effect

DC Corona Control in Coaxial Gas Insulating Systems

Chapter 7: Gas Engineering for Pulsed Power and Switching

Gas Engineering for Pulsed Power and Switching

Discussion

Penning Ionization Ternary Gas Mixtures for Diffuse Discharge Opening Switches

Discussion

Gas Mixtures for Spark Gap Closing Switches with Emphasis on Efficiency of Operation

Discussion

The Influence of Transverse Magnetic Fields on Glow Discharges in He/SF6 Gas Mixtures

Discussion

Analysis of the Cathode Fall of Glow Discharges in a He/SF6 Gas Mixture

Gas Engineering Studies for High Pressure Self-Sustained Diffuse Discharge Closing Switches

Diffuse Discharges in High-Pressure Mixtures of c-C4F8 and He

Chapter 8: Gas Breakdown Under Steep-Fronted Voltages

Statistical Breakdown Process in SF6 and Breakdown Voltage Calculations

Discussion

Formative Time Lags in SF6-N2 Gas Mixtures for Different Field Distribution

Discussion

Voltage-Time Characteristics of Impulse Breakdown in SF6 Gas

Discussion

Spacer Flashover Time Lags in SF6 Under Fast-Front Impulse Voltages

Discussion

Breakdown Volt-Time Characteristics in SF6 Mixtures for a Coaxial Cylinder Gap

Effect of Field Divergence on the Lightning Impulse Breakdown of Rod-Plane Gaps in N2/SF6 Mixtures

Free Particle Initiated Breakdown of SF6 Under Voltages of Different Time Dependence

Chapter 9: New Developments in Gas-Insulated Equipment/Gas Handling

Development of ±500 kV HVDC Gas-Insulated Switchgears

Discussion

A Manufacturer's Experience in the Cyclic Use of SF6 Gas

Discussion

Volt-Time Curves of Disconnector-Generated Fast Transients inside GIS

Discussion

Insulation Characteristics of Separate Cooling Sheet Winding-Type Gas-Insulated Transformer

Discussion

Recovery Strength of SF6-Insulated Gaps Stressed by Double Lighting Impulse Voltages

Conduction Currents in Gas-Insulated Switchgear for Low Level DC Stress

Effects of Electrode Surface Roughness on Dark Current and Switching Impulse Breakdown Voltage in Compressed SF6 Gas

Mixing Rates and Diffusion of Various Gases and Moisture into SF6

Chapter 10: Gas/Insulator Interface/Flashover

Surface Changes Induced by Low Kinetic Energy Products from Corona Discharge on Epoxy Resin in Air

Discussion

Avalanches Near a Dielectric Spacer in Nitrogen Gas

Discussion

Measurement of the Temporal Decay of Charges on Insulator Surfaces

Discussion

Effect of Ribs on Surface Discharge in SF6 Gas

Discussion

Application of ESCA in GIS Spacer Surface Analysis

Discussion

Study of the Charge Build-Up on Dielectrics Submitted to Corona Discharge and Ageing Effects

Influence of 60 Hz AC Charging of Spacers on Subsequent Impulse Flashover in Compressed SF6

Surface Flashover of Polyester, Polypropylene, and Teflon Films in Low Pressure SF6 and N2 Media

Research on Conductor-Plane Long-Gap Characteristics by Surface Discharge Analogy Model

The Surface and Volume Effects of Interactions of Internal Partial Discharges with Solid Dielectrics

Chapter 11: Quality Control in Testing Gas-Insulated Apparatus

Fundamental Knowledge and the Testing of GIS

Discussion

Flashover Damage Test Procedure for Insulating Materials in Compressed SF6

Discussion

Strength of Typical GIS Configurations with Special Reference to Composite and Combined Stresses

Discussion

Limits to Partial Discharge Detection

Discussion

Broad Band Pulse Detection Studies of Corona and Breakdown in Air, N2, O2, CO2, SF and SF6-N2 Mixtures

Chapter 12: Reports of Discussion Groups

Group Discussion on New Diagnostic Techniques

Group Discussion on Gas-Insulated Transformers and DC GIS

Group Discussion on Gas Engineering for Modern Technologies: Input from Basic Research

List of Participants

Photographs of Participants

Author Index