Evidence-Based Climate Science

Preface

Chapter 1. Geologic Evidence of Recurring Climate Cycles and Their Implications for the Cause of Global Climate Changes—The Past is the Key to the Future

1. Introduction

2. Is Global Warming Real?

3. Melting Glaciers

4. Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

5. Lessons from Past Global Climate Changes

6. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)

7. The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)

8. Solar Variability and Climate Change

9. Where are We Headed During the Coming Century?

Chapter 2. Evidence for Synchronous Global Climatic Events

1. Introduction

2. Late Pleistocene Climate Oscillations Recorded by Glaciers

3. Conclusions

Chapter 3. A Critical Look at Surface Temperature Records

1. Introduction

2. The Global Data Centers

3. The Golden Age of Surface Observation

4. Vanishing Stations

5. See For Yourself – The Data is a Mess

6. Station Dropout was not Totally Random

7. Instrument Changes and Siting

8. Along Comes ‘Modernization’

9. Adjustments not Made, or Made Badly

10. Heat from Population Growth and Land-use Changes

11. U.S. Climate Data

12. U.S. State Heat Records Suggest Recent Decades are not the Warmest

13. Major Changes to USHCN in 2007

14. Hadley and NOAA

15. Final Adjustments – Homogenization

16. Problems with Sea Surface Temperature Measurements

17. Long-Term Trends

18. Summary

Chapter 4. 2010—The Hottest Year on Record?

1. Comparisons vs. 1998

2. Divergence from Other Data Sources

3. What is GISS Doing Wrong?

4. Was 2010 a Record Hot Year?

5. What Caused the Positive Anomalies in Early 2010?

6. Some History About Dr. James Hansen

7. Conclusion

Chapter 5. Relationship of Multidecadal Global Temperatures to Multidecadal Oceanic Oscillations

1. Introduction

2. The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI)

3. Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI)

4. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)

5. Frequency and Strength of ENSO and the PDO

6. Correlation of the PDO and Glacial Fluctuations in the Pacific Northwest

7. ENSO vs. Temperatures

8. The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)

9. North Atlantic Oscillation, The Arctic Oscillation, and The AMO

10. Synchronized Dance of the Teleconnections

11. Short-term Warm/Cool Cycles from the Greenland Ice Core

12. Where are we Headed During the Coming Century?

Chapter 6. Setting the Frames of Expected Future Sea Level Changes by Exploring Past Geological Sea Level Records

1. Introduction

2. Sea Level Changes by Year 2100

3. Frames of Glacial Eustatic Rise in Sea Level

4. Frames of Steric Expansion of the Water Column

5. Setting the Frames of Future Sea Level Changes

6. Solar Cycles in the Near Future

7. The State of Fear

8. Conclusions

Chapter 7. The Maldives: A Measure of Sea Level Changes and Sea Level Ethics

1. Introduction

2. The Maldives Sea Level Project

3. Problems

4. Field Evidence in the Maldives

5. Comparisons

6. Conclusions

Chapter 8. Arctic Sea Ice

1. Introduction

2. Summary

Chapter 9. Have Increases in CO2 Contributed to the Recent Large Upswing in Atlantic Basin Major Hurricanes Since 1995?

1. Introduction

2. Causes of the Upswing in Atlantic Basin Major Hurricane Activity Since 1995

3. Why CO2 Increases are not Responsible for Atlantic SST and Hurricane Activity Increases

4. Contrast of Theories of Hurricane Activity Changes

5. Discussion

6. IPCC-IV'S Tropical Cyclone Mis-statements

7. Special Characteristics of the Atlantic Ocean Hurricane Basin

8. Variations in Strength of the THC

9. Storage of West-Atlantic Sub-tropical Salinity

10. Summary

Chapter 10. Solar Changes and the Climate

1. Introduction

2. Earth–Sun Connection

3. Summary

Chapter 11. The Current Solar Minimum and Its Consequences for Climate

1. Introduction

2. The Current Minimum

3. Summary

Chapter 12. Total Solar Irradiance Satellite Composites and their Phenomenological Effect on Climate

1. Introduction

2. SMM/ACRIM1 vs. NIMBUS7/ERB

3. The ACRIM-GAP: 15/07/1989–03/10/1991

4. SMM/ACRIM1 vs. UARS/ACRIM2

5. UARS/ACRIM2 vs. ACRIMSAT/ACRIM3

6. Three updated ACRIM TSI Composites

7. TSI Proxy Secular Reconstructions

8. Phenomenological solar signature on climate

9. Conclusion

Chapter 13. Global Brightening and Climate Sensitivity

1. Introduction

2. The Data

3. Analysis and Results

4. Discussion

5. A Note on the Planck Parameter

6. Conclusions

Chapter 14. The Relationship of Sunspot Cycles to Gravitational Stresses on the Sun

1. Introduction

2. Approach

3. Method

4. Result

5. Discussion

6. Conclusion

Chapter 15. A Simple KISS Model to Examine the Relationship Between Atmospheric CO2 Concentration, and Ocean & Land Surface Temperatures, Taking into Consideration Solar and Volcanic Activity, As Well As Fossil Fuel Use

1. Introduction

2. Modeling Principles

3. Scientific Basis for the Model

4. Model Estimation and Results

5. Conclusions and Ramifications

Index