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Engineering in Rock Masses
- 1st Edition - March 14, 1994
- Editor: F G Bell
- Language: English
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 0 5 1 9 - 2
Engineering in Rock Masses is a 26-chapter text that deals with the behavior, investigation, and construction of rock masses. The first chapters review the properties, behavior,… Read more
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Request a sales quoteEngineering in Rock Masses is a 26-chapter text that deals with the behavior, investigation, and construction of rock masses. The first chapters review the properties, behavior, classification, and occurrence of groundwater in rock masses. The subsequent chapters discuss the stress analysis, exploration, laboratory testing, geophysical methods, and instrumentation in these materials. These topics are followed by discussions of slope stability, rockfall problems, settlement and bearing capacity, subsidence, and seismic movements of rocks and rock masses. This work also evaluates the role of pumping system, ground freezing, grouting, rock anchors, drilling, blasting, and open excavation. The remaining chapters look into the rock masses’ tunneling, underground chambers, shafts, socketed foundations, and retaining structures. This book will be of great value to practicing civil and mining engineers, engineering geologists, and researchers.
Preface
List of Contributors
1 Properties and Behavior of Rocks and Rock Masses
1.1 Geological Aspects: Igneous Rocks
1.2 Geological Aspects: Metamorphic Rocks
1.3 Geological Aspects: Sedimentary Rocks
1.4 Factors Controlling the Mechanical Behavior of Rocks
1.5 Deformation and Failure of Rocks
1.6 Strength of Discontinuous Rock Masses and its Assessment
References
2 Influence of Weathering and Discontinuities on the Behavior of Rock Masses
Weathering
2.1 Rate of Weathering
2.2 Mechanical Weathering
2.3 Chemical and Biological Weathering
2.4 Slaking and Swelling of Mudrocks
2.5 Engineering Classification of Weathering
Discontinuities
2.6 Nomenclature of Joints
2.7 Origins of Joints
2.8 Description of Jointed Rock Masses
2.9 Discontinuities and Rock Quality Indices
2.10 Recording Discontinuity Data
References
3 Description and Classification of Rock Masses
3.1 Description of Rocks and Rock Masses
3.2 Properties of Rocks and Rock Masses
3.3 Basic Geotechnical Description of ISRM
3.4 Principles of Classification
3.5 Review of Classifications
3.6 The Rating Concept
References
4 Groundwater in Rock Masses
4.1 Basic Concepts
4.2 Hydrodynamics of Porous and Equivalent Media
4.3 Discontinuous Media
4.4 Hydromechanical Coupling
References
5 Block Theory in Rock Engineering
5.1 Properties of a Rock Mass and Computational Possibilities
5.2 Stereographic Projection
5.3 Block Theory
5.4 Case I: Analysis Given Only the Orientations of the Joints
5.5 Case II: Further Analysis Given the Joint Friction Angles
5.6 Case III: Further Analysis to Define Real Keyblocks Given the Locations of Joint Traces
5.7 Case IV: Further Analysis for Known Initial Stress, Joint Dilatancy or Rock Permeability - the Block Reaction Curve
5.8 An Example
5.9 Conclusions
References
6 Stress Analysis for Rock Masses
6.1 Purpose
6.2 In situ State of Stress
6.3 Classical Stress Analysis
6.4 Zone of Influence of an Excavation
6.5 Excagvation Shape and Boundary Stresses
6.6 Rock Structure and Boundary Stresses
6.7 Computational Methods of Stress Analysis
6.8 Boundary Element Method
6.9 Finite Difference and Distinct Element Methods
6.10 Finite Element Method
References
7 Exploration and Investigation of Rock Masses
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Methodology for Rock-Mass Investigation
7.3 Methods for the Study of Rock Masses
References
Further Reading
8 Laboratory Testing of Rocks
8.1 Density and Porosity
8.2 Water Sorption and Capillarity
8.3 Permeability
8.4 Durability of Weak Rocks
8.5 Compressive and Shear Strength
8.6 Hardness
8.7 Elastic Properties
References
9 Rock-Mass Assessment Using Geophysical Methods
9.1 Geomechanical Properties
9.2 Geophysical Properties
9.3 Surface Geophysical Methods
9.4 Drillhole Geophysical Methods
9.5 Geophysical Classification
References
10 Instrumentation in Rock Masses
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Measurement of Groundwater Level and Pore Water Pressure
10.3 Measurement of Stress and Strain in Rock Masses
10.4 Stress-Change Measurements
10.5 Measurement of Displacement
References
Acknowledgment
11 Slope Stability and Rockfall Problems in Rock Masses
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Slope Stability in Rock Masses
11.3 Rockfalls
11.4 Conclusions
References
12 Settlement and Bearing Capacity of Rock Masses
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Geological Characterization
12.3 Geomechanical Models
12.4 Settlement of Foundations on Rock
12.5 Axial Compression Capacity of Foundations
12.6 Uplift Capacity
12.7 Lateral Capacity
12.8 Acknowledgements
References
13 Subsidence in Rock Masses
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Subsidence Due to Coal Mining
13.3 Subsidence in Metalliferous Mining
13.4 Subsidence Due to the Abstraction of Fluids
13.5 Methods of Subsidence Prediction
References
14 Seismic Movements and Rock Masses
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Basic Principles of Seismic Action
14.3 Analysis - an Overview
14.4 Earthquakes and Foundations in Rock
14.5 Earthquakes and Natural Rock Slopes
14.6 Earthquakes and Open-Pit Mining
14.7 Earthquakes, Caverns and Tunnels
14.8 Design to Improve Resistance to Earthquakes
References
15 Control of Groundwater in Rock Masses by Pumping Systems
15.1 Introduction
15.2 The Overburden and Open-Cast Mining
15.3 Some Aspects of Soil Structure of Alluvials
15.4 Rock Types and Groundwater
15.5 Engineering Precautions
15.6 Initial Investigation
15.7 Underground Water in Rocks
15.8 System Design Guidelines
15.9 Summary
Acknowledgements
References
16 Ground Freezing
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Freezing Methods
16.3 Hydrogeology and Ground Freezing
16.4 Design of a Frozen Wall
16.5 Placing Concrete Against Frozen Ground
16.6 Monitoring Frozen Ground
References
17 Grouting in Rock Masses
17.1 Nature and Purposes of Grouting
17.2 Site Investigation
17.3 When is Grouting Necessary?
17.4 Types of Grout
17.5 Cement Grouting Equipment
17.6 Stage Grouting and Methods
17.7 Closure Grouting
17.8 Grout Curtain Design
17.9 Grout Pressures
17.10 The Nature of Grout Penetration in Cracks
17.11 Water : Cement Ratio and its Effect on Durability
17.12 Grouting of Fine Cracks
17.13 Grouting of Stressed Rock
17.14 Assessment of Grouting
17.15 Some Words of Caution and Encouragement to the Inexperienced
Acknowledgment
References
Bibliography
18 Reinforcement and Support of Rock Masses
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Dowels
18.3 Rockbolts
18.4 Sprayed Mortar and Concrete
Acknowledgment
References
19 Rock Anchors
19.1 General Approach to Anchoring
19.2 The Components of an Anchor System
19.3 The Tendon System
19.4 The Mechanics of Load Mobilization
19.5 Anchors in Soft Rocks
19.6 Anchor Construction
19.7 Anchor Testing
19.8 Anchor Performance
19.9 Anchor Monitoring
19.10 Anchor Maintenance
19.11 Uncertainty in Anchor Use
References
20 Drilling and Blasting of Rock Masses
20.1 Drilling of Rock Masses
20.2 Blasting of Rock Masses
20.3 Explosives
Symbols
Bibliography
21 Open Excavation in Rock Masses
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Groundwater and Excavation
21.3 Methods of Excavation: Drilling and Blasting
21.4 Methods of Excavation: Ripping
21.5 Diggability
References
22 Tunnelling in Rock Masses
22.1 General Approach for Tunnelling Projects
22.2 Site Investigations and Ground Probings
22.3 Excavation and Support Methods for Rock Tunnelling
22.4 Structural Design of Tunnels
22.5 In situ Monitoring and its Interpretation
22.6 Structural Detailing of the Lining
22.7 Documents for Tunnelling
References
23 Underground Chambers in Hard Rock Masses
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Benefits of Underground Chambers
23.3 Design and Construction Procedure for Underground Chambers
23.4 Site Characterization
23.5 Rock-Mass Classification
23.6 Rock-Engineering Considerations
23.7 Rock Support and Reinforcement
23.8 Application of Design and Construction Procedure to an Intermediate Storage Facility for Spent Nuclear Fuel
References
24 Shafts and Raises in Rock Masses
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Shaft and Raise Design
24.3 Shaft and Raise Construction
24.4 Scenario of Shaft and Raise Construction
References
25 Socketed Foundations in Rock Masses
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Axial Loading
25.3 Lateral Loading
25.4 Design Example
Acknowledgments
References
26 Retaining Structures for Rock Masses
26.1 Introduction: General Aspects
26.2 Failure Modes in Rock Masses
26.3 Strength Parameters
26.4 Lateral Pressures on Retaining Structures
26.5 Effects of Surcharge Loading
26.6 Effect of Slope Creep
26.7 Stability of Retaining Structures
26.8 Monolithic Retaining Walls
26.9 Special Types of Retaining Walls
26.10 Composite Retaining Structures
26.11 Rock Reinforcement, Rock Anchoring
26.12 Dowelling of Rock Bodies
26.13 Rock Grouting
26.14 Spaced and Single Restraining Structures
26.15 Protective Structures for Bridges and Masts
26.16 Accompanying Measures
26.17 Final Remarks
References and Further Reading
Index
- No. of pages: 592
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: March 14, 1994
- Imprint: Butterworth-Heinemann
- eBook ISBN: 9781483105192
FB
F G Bell
Affiliations and expertise
Formerly University of Natal, South AfricaRead Engineering in Rock Masses on ScienceDirect