Energy Optimization in Process Systems

Despite the vast research on energy optimization and process integration, there has to date been no synthesis linking these together. This book fills the gap, presenting optimization and integration in energy and process engineering. The content is based on the current literature and includes novel approaches developed by the authors.

Various thermal and chemical systems (heat and mass exchangers, thermal and water networks, energy converters, recovery units, solar collectors, and separators) are considered. Thermodynamics, kinetics and economics are used to formulate and solve problems with constraints on process rates, equipment size, environmental parameters, and costs.

Comprehensive coverage of dynamic optimization of energy conversion systems and separation units is provided along with suitable computational algorithms for deterministic and stochastic optimization approaches based on: nonlinear programming, dynamic programming, variational calculus, Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman theory, Pontryagin's maximum principles, and special methods of process integration.

Integration of heat energy and process water within a total site is shown to be a significant factor reducing production costs, in particular costs of utilities for the chemical industry. This integration involves systematic design and optimization of heat exchangers and water networks (HEN and WN). After presenting basic, insight-based Pinch Technology, systematic, optimization-based sequential and simultaneous approaches to design HEN and WN are described. Special consideration is given to the HEN design problem targeting stage, in view of its importance at various levels of system design. Selected, advanced methods for HEN synthesis and retrofit are presented. For WN design a novel approach based on stochastic optimization is described that accounts for both grassroot and revamp design scenarios.

• Presents a unique synthesis of energy optimization and process integration that applies scientific information from thermodynamics, kinetics, and systems theory • Discusses engineering applications including power generation, resource upgrading, radiation conversion and chemical transformation, in static and dynamic systems • Clarifies how to identify thermal and chemical constraints and incorporate them into optimization models and solutions

• Presents a unique synthesis of energy optimization and process integration that applies scientific information from thermodynamics, kinetics, and systems theory • Discusses engineering applications including power generation, resource upgrading, radiation conversion and chemical transformation, in static and dynamic systems • Clarifies how to identify thermal and chemical constraints and incorporate them into optimization models and solutions

Graduate students and researchers in chemical, mechanical, materials and environmental engineering, as well as those engaged in system theory, operation research, applied mathematics, applied physics and chemistry.

Preface (with Acknowledgements) Chapter 1. Brief review of static optimization methods Chapter 2. Dynamic optimization problems Chapter 3. Optimization of thermal engines and heat pumps at steady states Chapter 4. Hamiltonian optimization of imperfect cascades Chapter 5. Maximum power from solar energy Chapter 6. Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman theory of energy systems Chapter 7. Numerical optimization in allocation, storage and recovery of thermal energy and resources Chapter 8. Optimal control of separation processes Chapter 9. Optimal decisions for chemical and electrochemical reactors Chapter 10. Energy limits and evolution in biological systems Chapter 11. Systems theory in thermal and chemical engineering Chapter 12. Heat integration within process integration Chapter 13. Maximum heat recovery and its consequences for process system design Chapter 14. Targeting and supertargeting in heat exchanger network (HEN) design Chapter 15. Minimum utility cost (MUC) target by optimization approaches Chapter 16. Minimum number of units (MNU) and minimum total surface area (MTA) targets Chapter 17. Simultaneous HEN targeting for total annual cost Chapter 18. Heat exchanger network synthesis Chapter 19. Heat exchanger network retrofit Chapter 20. Approaches to water network design References Glossary of symbols Index