Energetics of Photosynthesis

List of Contributors

Preface


1 Introduction to Photosynthesis


1. General


2. Primary Events


3. Secondary Events


4. Summary

Appendix I. Photosynthesis Literature

Appendix II. Constants, Conversion Factors, and Equations

References


2 Chloroplast Structure and Function


1. Introduction


2. Chloroplast Morphology


3. Localization of Photochemical Activities along the Chloroplast Lamellae


4. Substructure of Chloroplast Lamellae


5. Substructural Organization of Membrane Functional Components


6. Correlation of Membrane Substructure and Photochemical Activities


7. Summary

References


3 Primary Events and the Trapping of Energy


1. Introduction


2. Chlorophyll Spectroscopy


3. Chlorophylls in Photosynthetic Membranes


4. Primary Photochemistry of Photosynthesis


5. Summary

References


4 Excitation Energy Transfer and Migration: Theoretical Considerations


1. Excited Electronic States in Condensed Systems


2. Energy Transfer


3. Random Walks of Excitons on Lattices


4. Special Topics


5. Summary

References

Appendix


5 Luminescence


1. Introduction


2. Methods


3. Fluorescence and Luminescence


4. Luminescence and States of Photosystem II Centers


5. Luminescence and Electroosmotic Properties of the Photosynthetic Membrane


6. Kinetics of Luminescence


7. A Mechanism and Several Problems


8. Summary

Appendix I

Appendix II

Appendix III

Appendix IV

Appendix V

Appendix VI

References


6 Chlorophyll Fluorescence: An Intrinsic Probe of Photosynthesis


1. Introduction


2. The Reaction Center Complex of Photosystem II


3. The Kinetics of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence


4. Structural Control of the Yield of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence


5. Fluorescence Properties of Photosynthetic Mutants


6. Fluorescence Properties of Manganese-Deficient Photosynthetic Tissue


7. Summary

References


7 The Electron Transport Chain in Chloroplasts


1. Introduction


2. Two Photosystems


3. Components of the Electron Transport Chain


4. Electron Acceptors, Donors, and Inhibitors


5. Summary

References


8 Oxygen Evolution in Photosynthesis


1. Introduction


2. Kinetics of O2 Evolution


3. Related Processes


4. Donor Reactions


5. Summary

References


9 Mechanisms of Photophosphorylation


1. Coupling of Electron Transport and Phosphorylation


2. Proton and Ion Movements: Relation to Electron Transport


3. Proton Gradients: Relation to ATP Metabolism


4. Biochemistry of the Reversible ATPase


5. Summary

References


10 Energy Conservation in the Functional Membrane


1. Introduction


2. Light Reactions of Two Chlorophylls


3. Function of Plastoquinone


4. Electrical Field Generation and Field-Driven Ion Fluxes


5. Vectorial Electron Transfer and Proton Translocation


6. Phosphorylation in the Electrical Field


7. Summary and Conclusions

References


11 Structure of the Chloroplast Membrane—Relation to Energy Coupling and Ion Transport


1. Introduction


2. Structure at the Organelle Level


3. Structure at the Membrane and Molecular Level


4. Summary

References


12 Molecular Organization of Chlorophyll and Energetics of the Initial Stages in Photosynthesis


1. Introduction


2. Native Pigment Forms in Higher Plants, Algae, and Photosynthetic Bacteria


3. Energy Migration in the Photosynthetic Unit (PSU) and the Role of Triplet States in the Primary Steps of Photosynthesis


4. Delayed Light Emission of Photosynthetic Organisms and Model Systems—Energy Traps in Photosynthesis


5. Electrical Phenomena in Membrane Structures Connected with Energy Storage


6. Energy Storage in Photophosphorylation and Its Coupling with Electron Transfer


7. Water Decomposition and Oxygen Evolution in Photosynthesis


8. Net Energy Storage and Gas Exchange in Photosynthesizing Plants


9. Summary

References

Author Index

Subject Index