Electronics of Microwave Tubes

PrefaceUnits and Sign ConventionsPrincipal Symbols and Notation1. The Scope of Microwave Electronics 1.1 Definitions 1.2 Microwave Tubes and Microwave Accelerators 1.3 Some Fundamental Differences in Treatment between Microwave Tubes and Microwave Accelerators2. Electron Motion in Static Fields 2.1 Transit Angle 2.2 Equations of Motion 2.3 Transit Times in Electrostatic Fields in the Absence of Space Charge 2.4 Transit Times in Space-Charge Fields 2.5 Motion in Crossed Electric and Magnetic Fields 2.5.1 Plane Parallel System 2.5.2 Cylindrical System 2.5.3 The "Cut-off" Characteristic 2.5.4 Busch's Theorem3. Currents in Microwave Tubes 3.1 General 3.2 The Induced Current 3.3 The Convection Current 3.4 The Total Current 3.5 Qualitative Examination of the Currents in a Triode 3.6 The Llewellyn-Peterson Equations 3.6.1 The Diode with Initial Velocities 3.6.2 Method of Calculation4. Exchange of Power between Electron Streams and Periodic Electric Fields 4.1 General Principles 4.2 Exchange of Power with Stationary Periodic Fields 4.3 Exchange of Power with Progressive Periodic Fields 4.4 Conclusion5. Velocity Modulation in Stationary Fields 5.1 Linear Modulation 5.2 Nonlinear Modulation6. Ballistic Treatment of Electron Bunching in Regions Free from Radio-Frequency Fields 6.1 General 6.2 Sinusoidal Modulation; Field-Free Drift Space 6.3 Sinusoidal Velocity Modulation; Drift Space with a Homogeneous Retarding Field 6.4 Nonsinusoidal Velocity Modulation; Field-Free Drift Space7. Use of Stationary Fields for Extracting Power from the Beam 7.1 General 7.2 Linear Conditions 7.3 Nonsinusoidal Convection Current8. Diodes and Grid-Controlled Tubes 8.1 General 8.2 The Saturated Diode 8.3 The Space-Charge-Limited Diode 8.4 Discussion of the A.C. Admittances of the Space-Charge-Limited Diode 8.5 Application of the Expressions Obtained to Grid-Controlled Tubes 8.6 Total Emission Damping9. Phase Selection 9.1 General 9.2 Devices Using Phase Selection10. Modulation of Electron Streams by Traveling Waves in the Absence of Static Transverse Fields 10.1 The Problem 10.2 Basic Calculations 10.3 General Discussion 10.4 A Single Beam and a Line 10.5 Two Electron Beams without a Delay Line 10.6 A Beam in a Dielectric Medium of Non-zero Conductivity 10.7 Fundamentals of the Field Theory of Electron Beams 10.8 Space-Charge Waves in Electron Beams Having a Distribution of Velocities11. Free Space-Charge Waves 11.1 General 11.2 Electron Streams as Transmission Lines 11.3 Space-Charge Waves in Regions Free from Static Fields 11.4 Space-Charge Waves in Static Accelerating Fields where ν = Rzu 11.5 Space-Charge Waves in Space-Charge-Limited Diodes 11.6 Space-Charge Waves in Axially Symmetric Systems in the Absence of Static Fields 11.7 Transformations in Electron Beams 11.8 Power in Free Space-Charge Waves12. Interaction between Electron Beams and Traveling Waves in Crossed Electric and Magnetic Fields 12.1 Definitions 12.2 The Traveling Wave Magnetron 12.2.1 Qualitative Introduction 12.2.2 Electron Trajectories 12.2.3 Alternating Current and Propagation Constant 12.3 Electron-Wave and Resistive Wall Magnetrons13. Classification of Microwave Tubes 13.1 Space-Charge Controlled Tubes 13.2 Transit-Time Tubes. Summary 13.3 Drift-Space Tubes 13.4 Growing-Wave Tubes 13.5 Characteristic Differences between Traveling-Wave Tubes and Traveling-Wave Magnetrons 13.6 The Backward-Wave Oscillator14. Practical Applications of Microwave Tubes 169 14.1 Summary 14.2 Tubes for Microwave Links 14.3 Microwave Tubes in Radar 14.4 Microwave Tubes for uhf Television Broadcasting 14.5 Microwave Tubes for Beyond-the-Horizon Transmission 14.6 Microwave Tubes for Linear Accelerators 14.7 Microwave Tubes for Communication Systems Using Circular Wave Guide15. The Tube as a Circuit Element 15.1 Available Power of a Generator 15.2 Power Gain 15.3 Efficiency 15.4 Available Noise Power and Noise Temperature 15.5 Noise Figure 15.6 Bandwidth, Group Transit Time, Phase Distortion 15.7 The Amplifier Tube Regarded as a Four-Pole 15.8 The Gain-Bandwidth Product: a Figure of Merit for Tubes 15.9 Transmitter Power, Bandwidth, Noise Figure, and Range in Microwave Transmission Systems 15.10 The Rieke Diagram 15.11 Oscillator Hysteresis 15.12 Crystal Mixers16. Noise 16.1 Fundamental Ideas 16.2 Noise in a Saturated Diode 16.3 Total Emission Noise 16.4 Noise in Space-Charge Limited Diodes for Small Transit Angles 16.5 Noise in Grid-Controlled Tubes 16.5.1 Theory 16.5.2 Characteristic Noise Quantities for Grid-Controlled Tubes 16.5.3 The Noise Figure of Grid-Controlled Tubes 16.5.4 Transformations of Noisy Four-Terminal Networks 16.6 Fluctuations in Electron Beams 16.7 Gas Discharges as Noise Generators17. Microwave Resonant Circuits 17.1 General Properties 17.2 Quality Factor and Circuit Efficiency 17.3 Measurement of Quality Factor and Admittance at Resonance 17.4 Coaxial Line Resonators 17.4.1 Resonant Frequency 17.4.2 Circuit Losses at Resonance 17.4.3 Bandwidth 17.5 Capacitively Loaded Cavity Resonators18. Delay Lines 18.1 General Properties 18.2 Classification of Delay Lines 18.3 Differences between Delay Lines and Ordinary Wave Guides 18.4 Fundamental Delay Line Equations 18.5 Homogeneous Delay Lines 18.5.1 The Sheath Helix 18.5.2 Parallel-Plate Delay Line 18.5.3 Karp Circuit 18.6 Inhomogeneous Delay Lines 18.6.1 Various Forms of the Inhomogeneous Delay Lines 18.6.2 Equivalent Circuits 18.6.3 Wave Propagation in Lines of Periodic Structure 18.6.4 General Method of Analyzing Periodic Delay Lines 18.6.5 Analysis of a Plane Periodic Delay Line 18.6.6 Analysis of a Corrugated Circular Wave Guide 18.6.7 The Tape Helix as a Periodic Delay Line 18.7 Closed Ring Periodic Delay Lines 18.7.1 General Properties 18.7.2 Analysis of a Closed Ring Delay Line 18.7.3 Dispersion Curves and Modes of a Traveling-Wave Magnetron19. Electron Beams and Electron Guns 311 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Electron Motion 19.3 Beams in Field-Free Space 19.4 Beams in Homogeneous Magnetic Fields 19.5 Beams in Periodic Magnetic Fields 19.6 Electron Guns General 19.7 Pierce Guns 19.7.1 Plane-Parallel System, Strip Beam 19.7.2 Electron Guns with Axial Symmetry 19.8 Other Types of Electron Gun 19.9 Ion TrappingAuthor IndexSubject Index