Electromagnetic Sounding of the Earth's Interior

Part I: EM Sounding Methods

Chapter 1: Global 3-D EM Studies of the Solid Earth: Progress Status

• Abstract
• 1.1. Introduction
• 1.2. Governing equations
• 1.3. 3-D EM inversion of ground-based Dst data using C-response approach
• 1.4. 3-D EM inversion of ground-based Sq data: concept and results
• 1.5. 3-D EM inversion of satellite Dst data using matrix Q-response approach
• 1.6. Alternative concept to handle complex source structures
• 1.7. Alternative data source for global EM induction studies
• 1.8. Concluding remarks and outlook
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 2: Magnetovariational Method in Deep Geoelectrics

• Abstract
• 2.1. Introduction
• 2.2. On integrated interpretation of MV and MT data
• 2.3. Model experiments
• 2.4. MV–MT study of the Cascadian subduction zone (EMSLAB experiment)
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 3: Shallow Investigations by TEM-FAST Technique: Methodology and Examples

• Abstract
• 3.1. Introduction
• 3.2. Advantages of TEM in shallow depth studies
• 3.3. On the TEM-FAST technology
• 3.4. 1-D modeling and inversion
• 3.5. 3-D modeling and inversion
• 3.6. Joint inversion of TEM and DC soundings
• 3.7. Side effects in TEM sounding
• 3.8. Conclusions

Chapter 4: Self-Consistent Problems of Geoelectrics

• Abstract
• 4.1. Introduction
• 4.2. Induced polarization in subsurface structure
• 4.3. Self-consistent seismoelectric field

Part II: Forward Modeling and Inversion Techniques

Chapter 5: 3-D EM Forward Modeling Using Balance Technique

• Abstract
• 5.1. Modern approaches to the forward problem solution
• 5.2. Balance method of EM fields computation in models with arbitrary conductivity distribution
• 5.3. Method of the EM field computation in axially symmetric media

Chapter 6: 3-D EM Forward Modeling Using Integral Equations

• Abstract
• 6.1. Introduction
• 6.2. Volume integral equation method
• 6.3. Model examples
• 6.4. Conclusions
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 7: Inverse Problems in Modern Magnetotellurics

• Abstract
• 7.1. Introduction
• 7.2. Three features of multidimensional inverse problem
• 7.3. Three questions of Hadamard
• 7.4. MT and MV inversions in the light of Tikhonov’s theory of ill posed problems

Chapter 8: Methods of Joint Robust Inversion in Magnetotelluric and Magnetovariational Studies with Application to Synthetic Datasets

• Abstract
• 8.1. Adaptive parameterization of a geoelectric model
• 8.2. Inverted and modeling data
• 8.3. Inversion as a minimization problem
• 8.4. Study of inversion algorithms using synthetic datasets
• 8.5. Conclusions
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 9: Neural Network Reconstruction of Macroparameters of 3-D Geoelectric Structures

• Abstract
• 9.1. Introduction
• 9.2. Backpropagation technique
• 9.3. Creation of teaching and testing data pools
• 9.4. Effect of the ANN architecture on the quality of the parameters’ recognition
• 9.5. Effect of the input data type
• 9.6. Effect of the volume and structure of the training data pool
• 9.7. Extrapolation ability of ANN
• 9.8. Noise treatment
• 9.9. Case history: ANN reconstruction of the Minou fault parameters
• Acknowledgments

Part III: Data Processing, Analysis, Modeling and Interpretation

Chapter 10: Arrays of Simultaneous Electromagnetic Soundings: Design, Data Processing, Analysis, and Inversion

• Abstract
• 10.1. Simultaneous systems for natural EM fields observation
• 10.2. Multisite schemes for estimation of transfer operators
• 10.3. Temporal stability of transfer operators
• 10.4. Methods for the analysis of simultaneous EM data
• 10.5. Methods for the interpretation of simultaneous EM data
• 10.6. Conclusions
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 11: Magnetotelluric Field Transformations and Their Application in Interpretation

• Abstract
• 11.1. Introduction
• 11.2. Linear relations between MT field components
• 11.3. Point transforms of MT data
• 11.4. Examples of the use of MT field point transforms for the interpretation
• 11.5. Integral transforms
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 12: Modeling of Magnetotelluric Fields in 3-D Media

• Abstract
• 12.1. A feasibility study of MT method application in hydrocarbon exploration
• 12.2. Testing hypotheses of the geoelectric structure of the Transcaucasian region from magnetotelluric data
• 12.3. MT imaging internal structure of volcanoes
• 12.4. Simulation of MT monitoring of the magma chamber conductivity
• 12.5. Assessment of the coastal aquifer salinization
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 13: Magnetotelluric Studies in Russia: Regional-Scale Surveys and Hydrocarbon Exploration

• Abstract
• 13.1. Introduction
• 13.2. MT survey technology in brief: data acquisition, processing, analysis, and interpretation
• 13.3. Regional-scale MT studies
• 13.4. MT for hydrocarbon prospecting
• 13.5. Prospects for future
• 13.6. Conclusions
• Acknowledgments

Chapter 14: Pulse and Frequency Soundings of Shelf Hydrocarbon Reservoirs

• Abstract
• 14.1. Introduction
• 14.2. Model and sounding configurations
• 14.3. Modeling results
• 14.4. Gradient configurations
• 14.5. Limiting possibilities of soundings
• 14.6. Sounding of inhomogeneous media
• 14.7. EM sounding in the frequency-dispersive media
• 14.8. Interpretation of soundings
• 14.9. Conclusions