DNA Repair Mechanisms

1st Edition - January 28, 1978
Editor: Philip Hanawalt
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 2 3 2 - 8

DNA Repair Mechanisms is an account of the proceedings at a major international conference on DNA Repair Mechanisms held at Keystone, Colorado on February 1978. The conference… Read more

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DNA Repair Mechanisms is an account of the proceedings at a major international conference on DNA Repair Mechanisms held at Keystone, Colorado on February 1978. The conference discusses through plenary sessions the overall standpoint of DNA repair. The papers presented and other important documents, such as short summaries by the workshop session conveners, comprise this book. The compilation describes the opposing views, those that agree and dispute about certain topic areas. This book, divided into 15 parts, is arranged according to the proceedings in the conference. The plenary sessions are grouped with the related workshop and poster manuscripts. The first two parts generally tackle repair in terms of its identification and quantification, as well as the models, systems, and perspectives it utilizes. The following parts discuss the various types of repair including base excision, nucleotide excision repair in bacteria, excision repair in mammalian cells, inducible/error-prone repair in prokaryotes, and strand break repair in mammalian cells among others. This reference material looks into the replicative bypass mechanisms in mammalian cells, viral probes, and hereditary repair defects. It explains repair deficiency and human disease, as well as mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. The last part of this book deals with the consequences and effects of DNA repair. This volume is a helpful source of reference for students, teachers, scientists, and researchers in the different fields of genetics, radiology, biochemistry, and environmental biology.

Preface

I. Repairable Damage: Identification and Quantification

1. Repairable Damage in DNA

2. Distribution and Quantitation of DNA Damage: Workshop Summary

3. Lesions in Alkylated DNA Determined by Susceptibility to Alkali, Apurinic Endonuclease, or N-Glycosidase

4. Enzymatic Recognition of DNA Damages Induced by Ionizing Radiation

5. Micrococcus luteus UV-Endonuclease-Sensitive Sites in Far- and Near-UV-Irradiated Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

6. Repair of Alkylated DNA in Chinese Hamster Cells Measured by Loss of Enzyme-Sensitive Sites in Isolated DNA

7. Serologic Assay of DNA Base Damage

8. Non-dimer UV Damage in DNA and Poly d(A-T)

9. Photochemistry and Photobiology of DNA Containing 5-Iodouracil and 5-Iodocytosine

II. Repair Pathways: Models, Systems, and Perspectives

10. DNA Repair Pathways: Excision Repair in Permeabilized Cells

11. A New Classification of Pathways Repairing Pyrimidine Dimer Damage in DNA

12. Making and Correcting Errors in DNA Synthesis: In Vitro Studies of Mutagenesis

13. Cell Survival, Excision Repair, and DNA Replication in Eukaryotic Cells

14. Electron Microscopy of UV-Induced Post Replication Repair Daughter Strand Gaps

15. A General Method for Isolation of Repair-Deficient Mutants

16. Historical Perspectives and Keynotes on DNA Repair

III. Mechanism and Diversity of Enzymatic Photoreactivation

17. Enzymatic Photoreactivation of DNA

18. Mechanism and Diversity of Photoreactivation: Workshop Summary

19. Some Properties of a DNA Photoreactivating Enzyme from Streptomyces griseus

20. Low Molecular Weight Substances That Enhance DNA Photolyase Activity

21. Mechanism of Action of the Photoreactivating Enzyme from E. coli: Recent Results

22. Photosensitized Splitting of Thymine Dimers in DNA by Peptides and Proteins Containing Tryptophanyl Residues

23. Evidence for Photoenzymatically Repairable, Lethal "Nondimer" Photoproducts Formed in E. coli Cells by Near UV Light

24. Photoreactivation of Escherichia coli Irradiated with Ionizing Radiation

25. Ultraviolet-Light Triggered Disappearance of Photoreactivating Enzyme

26. Cloning the PHR Gene of Escherichia coli

IV. Base Excicion Repair

27. Base Excision Repair of DNA

28. Enzymology of Base Excision Repair: Workshop Summary

29. DNA Glycosylases of Escherichia coli

30. Uracil-DNA Glycosylase Mutants Are Mutators

31. Endonucleases Specific for Apurinic Sites in DNA

32. The Endonuclease Activity of Exonuclease III and the Repair of Uracil-Containing DNA in Escherichia coli

33. Base-Excision Repair in Micrococcus luteus

34. Enzymes from Human Fibroblasts for the Repair of AP DNA

V. Nucleotide Excision Repair in Bacteria

35. Enzymatic Pathways of Damaged Nucleotide Excision

36. Enzymology of Nucleotide Excision Repair

37. A DNA-Binding Activity Associated with the uvrA + Protein from Escherichia coli

38. Cloning of E. coli DNA Repair Genes

39. Endonuclease Activities in Extracts of Micrococcus luteus Against Gamma-Irradiated DNA

40. Excision Repair Pathways in Bacteria: Workshop Summary

41. Excision Repair and Mutagenesis Are Complex Processes

42. UVRD, UVRE, and RECL Represent a Single Gene

43. Alternative Pathways for Excision and Resynthesis in Escherichia coli: DNA Polymerase III Role?

44. Pyrimidine Dimer Excision in Exonuclease Deficient Mutants of Escherichia coli

45. Conditions for Constitutive and Inducible Gap Filling of Excision and Postreplication Repair in Toluene Treated E. coli

46. Effects of Phage Infection on Escherichia coli Excision Repair Measured in Vitro

47. Repair of DNA Damage in Mycoplasmas

48. Role of the Gene MTCA in the Resistance of Micrococcus radiodurans to the Lethal Effects of Mitomycin C and Alkylation Mutagenesis

49. On the Mechanism for Repair of Cross-Linked DNA in E. coli Treated with Psoralen and Light

VI. Excision Repair in Mammalian Cells

50. Endonuclease from Calf Thymus That Acts on DNA Irradiated with Low UV Doses

51. On the Nature of the Human Endonuclease Activity Directed Against Ultraviolet-Irradiated DNA

52. Partial Purification and Characterization of Three Thymine Dimer Excising Activities from Human KB Cells

53. Introduction of T4 Endonuclease V into Frozen and Thawed Mammalian Cells for the Determination of Removal of UV-Induced Photoproducts

54. Removal of T4 Endonuclease V Sensitive Sites and Repair Replication in Confluent Human Diploid Fibroblasts

55. Studies on the Molecular Mechanisms of Nucleotide Excision Repair in UV-Irradiated Human Cells in Culture

56. Kinetics of UV-Induced Excision Repair in Human Fibroblasts. Simultaneous Studies of Incision-Produced Single-Strand Breaks and the Removal of

Endonuclease-Sensitive Sites Using the DNA Unwinding Technique

57. The Removal of UV-Induced Pyrimidine Dimers from the Replicated and Unreplicated DNA of Human Fibroblasts

58. Distribution of UV-Induced DNA Repair Synthesis in Human Chromatin

59. Excision Repair in Mammalian Cells

60. A Possible Role for Poly ADP-Ribose in DNA Repair

VII. Inducible/Error-Prone Repair in Procaryotes

61. Conditioned Repair Responses: Workshop Summary

62. The Involvement of E. coli DNA Polymerase III in Constitutive and Inducible Mutagenic Repair

63. Studies of the recA and lex A Genes of Escherichia coli K-12

64. An Escherichia coli Mutant with an Altered Inducible rec + llex+ Dependent DNA Repair Pathway

65. Induction and Repression of the recA Gene of Escherichia coli

66. Complexity in the Regulation of SOS Functions in Bacteria

67. tif-1 Mediated Recovery from UV Blockage of DNA Synthesis in Escherichia coli: A Mechanism of Induced Mutagenesis?

68. The Role of Proteases in SOS Regulation

69. Transcriptional Regulation of the recA Region of E. coli

70. Dose Response Relations for UV-Induced Repair Phenomena

71. Pathways Involved in Repair of Alkylation Damage in E. coli

72. The UV Inducibility of P32 Synthesis

73. The Dependence of UV Mutagenesis in Phage T4 on DNA Ligase, Polymerase, and Nuclease Functions

VIII. Repair in Lower Eucaryotes

74. DNA Repair in Lower Eucaryotes: Workshop Summary

75. Pathways of DNA Repair in Yeast

76. The Importance of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair in Yeast

77. On the Inducibility of Error-Prone Repair in Yeast

78. The Fate of Mitochondrial DNA and of Mitochondrial Genetic Markers after UV Irradiation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

79. Recombination and Repair in Simple Eukaryotes

80. Ultraviolet Light Induced Mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

81. Regulation by Proteinases of a Putative /tec-Nuclease of Neurospora

82. Genetics of DNA Repair in the Cellular Slime Mold, Dictyostelium discoideum

83. DNA Repair in Drosophila

84. Mutagen Sensitivity of Drosophila melanogaster IV. Interactions of X Chromosome Mutants

IX. Strand Break Repair in Mammalian Cells

85. DNA Strand Break Repair in Eukaryotes: Workshop Summary

86. Estimation of DNA Strand Breaks in Single Mammalian Cells

87. Repair of DNA Breaks Induced by Gamma Rays and Fast Neutrons in Chinese Hamster Cells

88. A Relationship between DNA Single-Strand Breaks and DNA-Protein Crosslinks

in Intercalator-Treated Mouse LI210 Cells

89. DNA Damage and Mammalian Cell Killing

90. Rejoining of DNA Strand Breaks in Nondividing Cells Irradiated in Situ

X. Replicative Bypass Mechanisms in Mammalian Cells

91. Replicative Bypass Mechanisms in Mammalian Cells: Workshop Summary

92. DNA Replication in Ultraviolet-Irradiated Mammalian Cells

93. Pyrmidine Dimers in DNA Strands of Mammalian Cells Synthesized after UV-Irradiation

94. On the Presence of UV-Endonuclease Sensitive Sites in Daughter DNA of UV-Irradiated Mammalian Cells

95. The Mechanism of Postreplication Repair in Mammalian Cells

96. A Model for Postreplication Repair of UV Damage in Mammalian Cells

97. The Kinetics of Postreplication Repair in Mammalian Cells as Studied by the Alkaline Elution Technique

98. DNA Replication in Normal and Defective Human Cells after UV Irradiation

99. Replicative Repair in Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) Variants

100. DNA Bifilarly Substituted with Bromodeoxyuridine in the First Round of Synthesis

101. DNA Template Breakage and Decreased Excision of Hydro-Carbon Derived Adducts from Chinese Hamster Cell DNA Following Caffeine-Induced Inhibition

of Postreplication Repair

XI. Viral Probes for DNA Repair

102. Viral Probes for Mammalian Cell DNA Repair: Results and Prospects: Workshop Summary

103. Studies on UV-Induced Viral Reversion, Cockayne's Syndrome, and MNNG Damage Using Adenovirus 5

104. Production of Viral Structural Antigens by Irradiated Adenovirus as an Assay for DNA Repair in Human Fibroblasts

105. Simian Virus 40 as a Probe for Studying DNA Repair Pathways in Mammalian Cells

106. Repair of UV Irradiation Damage in Simian Virus 40

107. Defective Host-Cell Reactivation of UV-Irradiated Herpes Simplex Virus by Bloom's Syndrome Skin Fibroblasts

108. Protease Inhibitors Prevent UV-Enhanced Virus Reactivation in E. coli but Not in Monkey Kidney Cells

109. UV-Reactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus is Mutagenic and Inducible in Mammalian Cells

110. The Effect of DNA Damage on the Induction of Simian Virus 40 (SV40) in Transformed Hamster Cells

111. Recent Developments in the Biochemistry of Genetic Recombination

112. In Initiation of Genetic Recombination in E. coli: Studies on Cutting in trans as a Function of Time

113. Repair and Recombination of UV-Irradiated Phage Lambda

XII. Hereditary Repair Defects in Man: Xeroderma Pigmentosum

114. Xeroderma pigmentosum

115. Xeroderma pigmentosum: Workshop Summary

116. DNA Repair Nucleotide Sequences Which Prevent Premature Death of Neurons in Humans: Evidence from Studies on Xeroderma pigmentosum

117. The Relationship between Neurologic Disease, Acute Sun Sensitivity, and Post-Ultraviolet Colony-Forming Ability in Xeroderma pigmentosum

118. DNA Repair and Clinical Characteristics of 96 Xeroderma pigmentosum Patients in Japan

119. Response of Mammalian Cells to Chemical Damage

XIII. Repair Deficiency and Human Disease: Other Hereditary Defects

120. DNA Repair Defects and Human Disease

121. Cell Killing and Mutagenesis in Repair-Defective Human Cells

122. Ataxia telangiectasia: A Model Inherited Disease Linking Deficient DNA Repair with Radiosensitivity and Cancer Proneness

123. Ataxia telangiectasia: Characterization of Heterozygotes

124. Repair Deficiency in N-Methyl-N'-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine Treated Ataxia telangiectasia Fibroblasts

125. An Investigation of DNA Repair Potential in Bloom's Syndrome

126. Single-Strand DNA Breakage and Repair in Bloom's Syndrome Cells

127. Effects of DNA Damaging Agents on Cultured Fibroblasts Derived from Patients with Cockayne Syndrome

128. Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Dyskeratosis congenita after Exposure to Trimethyl Psoralen and UV Light

129. Fanconi's Anemia a Condition Possibly Associated with a Defective DNA Repair

130. X-Ray Sensitivity of Fibroblasts from Patients with Retinoblastoma and with Abnormalities of Chromosome 13

XIV. Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis

131. Environmental Chemicals Causing Cancer and Genetic Birth Defects

132. Chemical Damage and Mutagenesis in Mammalian Systems: Workshop Summary

133. Biological Consequences of X-Ray-Induced DNA Damage and Repair Processes in Relation to Cell Killing and Carcinogenesis

134. Chemical Modification of Radiation-Induced Mutagenesis and Its Role in Carcinogenesis

135. Biological and Biochemical Evidence That DNA Repair Processes in Normal Human Cells Act to Reduce the Lethal and Mutagenic Effects of Exposure to Carcinogens

136. Evidence for the Involvement of Different Repair Mechanisms in Mutagenesis and Cell Killing in V79 Cells

137. Effects of Liquid Holding on Cell Killing and Mutation Induction in Normal and Repair-Deficient Human Cell Strains

138. Fixation and Expression of Recessive Mutations in Mammalian Cells as a Model for the Study of Carcinogenesis

139. Mammalian Cell Mutagenesis as a Biological Consequence of DNA Damage

XV. Consequences of DNA Damage and Repair

140. Relation between DNA Repair, Chromosome Aberrations, and Sister Chromatid Exchanges

141. DNA Repair in Differentiation

142. The Relationship between Cellular Aging and Genetic Defects

143. The Acute and Chronic Effects of Ultraviolet Energy on Mammalian Skin

144. Death of Escherichia coli Cells as a Consequence of Damage to DNA by Far-Ultraviolet Radiation

145. Action of Three Mutagens on HeLa DNA Replication

146. UV Irradiation and the Mammalian Cell Cycle

147. Cloning of a Gene That Controls Radiation Sensitivity, Cell Division, and Capsular Polysaccharide Synthesis, the lon(capR) Gene

Author Index

Subject Index