Disease and Fertility

PrefaceAcknowledgmentsNote on TerminologyI Introduction 1 The Demography of Subfecundity General Introduction Effect of Subfecundity on Fertility Subfecundity and the Timing of Fertility in Developed Societies Impact of Subfecundity on Birth Control and Mate Exposure Impact of Mate Exposure and Birth Control on Subfecundity Current Research Project 2 Disease and Subfecundity: An Introduction Introduction Effect on Individual Fecundity Prevalence Importance of Disease as a Cause of Population Subfecundity Handling of Disease in the Population Literature Consequences of Deficient Research Objectives and MethodologyII Nonsexually Transmitted Diseases 3 Tuberculosis Introduction Pathophysiology Effect on Fecundity The Development of Genital Tuberculosis Problems in Estimating the Prevalence of Genital Tuberculosis Genital Tuberculosis in Selected Populations Effect on Other Davis-Blake Intermediate Variables Conclusions 4 Malaria Introduction Species and Life Cycle Prevalence Sequelae of Infection Immunity Effects on Fecundity Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control 5 Filariasis Introduction Life Cycle Prevalence Proposed Effects of Filariasis on Fecundity Pathophysiology Variables Affecting the Development of Filariasis Results of Studies Summary of the Role of Filariasis in Reproductive Impairment Diagnosis Control Treatment 6 Schistosomiasis Introduction Distribution and Prevalence Role of the Schistosome Egg in Disease Variations in Host Response Effects on Fecundity Diagnosis Control and Treatment 7 African Sleeping Sickness Introduction Life Cycle Prevalence Pathophysiology Effects on Fecundity Diagnosis Treatment Control 8 Chagas' Disease Introduction Life Cycle Clinical Features Prevalence Modes of Transmission Pathophysiology Effects on Fecundity Diagnosis Treatment ControlIII Sexually Transmitted Diseases 9 Overview Introduction Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the Developing World Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the Developed World 10 Gonococcal and Nongonococcal Infections and Their Complications Uncomplicated Gonorrhea in the Male and Female Complications of Gonorrhea in the Female: Gonococcal Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Complications of Nongonococcal Infections in the Female: Nongonococcal Pelvic Inflammatory Disease The Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Problem Complications of Gonorrhea in the Male: Posterior Urethritis, Prostatitis, Seminal Vesiculitis, Epididymitis, and Orchitis Nongonococcal Urethritis and Its Complications in the Male 11 Syphilis Introduction History Prevalence Pathophysiology Immunity Summary of Pathophysiology and Immunity Effects on Fecundity Congenital Syphilis Diagnosis Treatment 12 Genital Herpes Introduction History Prevalence Primary Infection and Initial Infection Course of the Disease Transmission Effects on Fecundity Neonatal Infection Prematurity Cervical Carcinoma Summary Diagnosis Treatment 13 Genital Mycoplasmas Introduction Mycoplasma hominis Ureaplasma urealyticum Summary 14 Genital Chlamydia Introduction Prevalence Evidence for a Role in Genital Infections Effects on Fecundity Other Effects Summary Diagnosis TreatmentIV Events Predisposing to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Other Reproductive Problems 15 Induced Abortion Introduction History Prevalence Variables Affecting the Outcome of Induced Abortion Effects on Fecundity Frequency of Reproductive Problems Following Induced Abortion Diagnosis and Treatment Summary 16 Childbirth Introduction Causes of Postpartum Infection Obstructed Labor and Postpartum Infection Summary Postpartum Infections and Population Subfecundity Postpartum Infections and U.S. Black Fertility: 1880-1936 17 The Intrauterine Device and Fecundity Introduction Prevalence of Use Problems Associated with Use Mechanism of Action Sequelae Summary 18 Female Circumcision Introduction Reasons for the Procedure Variations in Procedures Prevalence Effects on Fecundity SummaryV Overview 19 The Effects of Venereal Disease and Genital Tuberculosis on U.S. Black Fertility: 1880-1960 Introduction Syphilis Gonorrhea Genital Tuberculosis Discussion 20 Conclusions and Research Pitfalls The Disease-Subfecundity Relationship Importance of Selected Diseases in Historical, Developing, and Developed Societies Pitfalls in Population Subfecundity ResearchVI Appendixes Appendix A. Diabetes Appendix B. Sickle-Cell Hemoglobin Appendix C. SmallpoxReferencesIndex