Developmental Neuropsychobiology

ContributorsPreface1 Embryonic Mechanisms I. Pattern Formation II. The Limb as a Model System III. Peripheral Innervation References2 Regulation of Nerve Fiber Elongation during Embryogenesis I. Introduction II. Neurite Formation In Vitro III. Regulation of the Route of Neurite Growth In Vitro IV. Regulation of the Route of Nerve Fiber Elongation In Vivo V. Is Regulation of Nerve Fiber Growth Related to Synaptogenesis? VI. Summary References3 Pathways and Changing Connections in the Developing Insect Nervous System I. Introduction II. Embryogenesis: Foundations for Neurogenesis III. Postembryonic Development: Remodeling en Route IV. Ectopic Sensilla: An Experimental Approach to Pathfinding in the Nervous System V. Conclusions References4 The Normal and Abnormal Development of the Mammalian Visual System I. Introduction II. Patterns of Organization III. Normal Development IV. Variants of Normal Development V. Discussion VI. Conclusions References5 Do Neurotransmitters, Neurohumors, and Hormones Specify Critical Periods? I. An Hierarchical Model for the Specification of Critical Periods II. Neurotransmitters and Neurohumors as Develomental Signals III. Hormones as Temporal Regulators of Postnatal Neurogenesis IV. Hormonal-Humoral Interactions V. Drugs, Stress, and Other Environmental Influences on the Humoral and Hormonal Milieu of the Developing Nervous System: Implications for Their Teratogenic Effects VI. Summary and Conclusions References6 Sexual Differentiation of the Brain I. Introduction II. Possible Mechanisms of Steroid Action III. Sexual Dimorphism of Brain Structure IV. The Possible Role of a-Fetoprotein V. The Possible Importance of Estrogen Per Se VI. An Experimental Approach to the Problem VII. How Might Hormones Change Growth Patterns and Neuronal Circuits? VIII. Hormonal Effects: Direct or Indirect? IX. In Vitro Veritas References7 Behavioral Neuroembryology: Motor Perspectives I. Introduction II. History III. Embryology of Behavior and Its Neural Correlates IV. Development of Specific Motor Patterns V. Tissue Culture Approaches to Neurobehavioral Problems VI. Conclusions and Future Priorities References8 Ontogeny of the Encephalization Process I. Behavioral Development II. Encephalization of the Spinal Motor System III. The Encephalization Process IV. Interference with Encephalization References 9 Neuronal Activity as a Shaping Factor in Postnatal Development of Visual Cortex I. Introduction II. Experience Effects on Binocularity III. Evidence for a Central Control of Experience-Dependent Modifications IV. A Voltage-Dependent Threshold for Hebbian Modifications? V. The Chemical Nature of Permissive Gating Signals VI. Implications for Normal Development VII. Concluding Remarks References10 Experience and Development in the Visual System: Anatomical Studies I. Introduction II. Normal Development III. Effects of Visual Deprivation on Development IV. Binocularly Competitive and Noncompetitive Mechanisms V. Summary and Conclusions References11 Experience and Visual Development: Behavioral Evidence I. Introduction: General Perspectives and Methodology II. Specific Visual Capacities and Sensory Experience III. Concluding Observations References12 Neural Correlates of Development and Plasticity in the Auditory, Somatosensory, and Olfactory Systems I. Introduction II. The Auditory System III. The Somatosensory System IV. The Olfactory System V. Dimensions of Plasticity VI. Implications for Behavior References13 What's Special about Development? Thoughts on the Bases of Experience-Sensitive Synaptic Plasticity I. Introduction II. Overproduction of Synapses and Expected Information III. Synaptogenesis and Unexpected Information IV. Mechanisms of Synapse Pattern Change in Later Development and Adulthood V. Conclusions References14 Sex Differences in Developmental Plasticity of Behavior and the Brain I. Introduction: Human Development II. Sex Differences in Animals in Response to the Environment III. Implications for Human Sex Differences References15 The Development of Olfactory Control over Behavior I. Introduction II. Orientation III. Contact Behavior (Huddling) IV. Suckling V. Olfactory Conditioning outside the Nest VI. Neural Development of the Olfactory System VII. A Model for Olfactory Modification of Behavior during Ontogeny VIII. Conclusions and Future Directions References16 New Views of Parent-Offspring Relationships I. Introduction II. Some Seminal Concepts: Antecedents to New Views III. Concepts of Infancy and Development IV. Models of Parent-Offspring Relationships V. Form and Functions of Parent-Offspring Relationships ReferencesIndex