Development of Perception

Psychobiological Perspectives

1st Edition - January 28, 1981
Editor: Richard Aslin
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 5 1 7 5 - 7

Development of Perception: Psychobiological Perspectives, Volume 2, The Visual System, is the second of two-part series covering vision, audition, olfaction, taste, tactile… Read more

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Development of Perception: Psychobiological Perspectives, Volume 2, The Visual System, is the second of two-part series covering vision, audition, olfaction, taste, tactile sensitivity, and sensory-motor activity during ontogenesis. The focus is on approaches to perceptual development that incorporate a psychobiological perspective. The present volume brings together several topics of critical importance to the process of understanding the visual system. The book is organized into three parts. Part A addresses the theoretical and interpretive issues involved in designing and drawing conclusions from research on the development of the visual system. Part B on animal studies of visual development covers the neural and behavioral characteristics of the cat and monkey visual system during the early postnatal period. Part C examines visual development in human infants. Together, these three parts offer a comprehensive coverage of major issues in the structure and function of the developing mammalian visual system. Each chapter emphasizes the behavioral consequences of developing visual functions.

Contributors

General Preface

Preface

Contents of Volume 1

Part A Theoretical and Interpretive Issues

1 Sensitive Periods in Visual Development

I. Introduction

II. Delineation of Sensitive Periods in Visual Development

III. The Early Evidence for Sensitive Periods in Visual Cortical Development

IV. Changing Concepts of the Sensitive Period

V. Functional Significance of Sensitive Periods in Visual Development

References

2 Experiential Influences and Sensitive Periods in Perceptual Development: A Unified Model

I. Introduction

II. The Roles of Experience Revisited

III. Sensitive Periods: When Is Experience Necessary?

IV. A Unified Model of Experiential Influence

V. Concluding Remarks

References

3 Strategies for Assessing Visual Deficits in Animals with Selective Neural Deficits

I. Introduction

II. Visual Neurons and Visual Perception

III. Visuomotor Coordination

IV. Visual Discrimination Learning

V. Psychophysical Measures of Visual Sensitivity

VI. Conclusions

References

Part B Animal Studies of Visual Development

4 Development of the Visual System and Visually Guided Behavior

I. Introduction

II. Onset of Visually Guided Behaviors

III. Improvement of Visually Guided Behaviors

IV. The State of the Visual System at Eye Opening

V. Sequence of Receptive-Field Development in the Visual System

VI. Correlation of Receptive-Field Development with Behavioral Development

References

5 Maturation of the Superior Colliculus

I. Introduction

II. Anatomical Organization

III. Sensory Representation

IV. Normal Development

V. Visual Deprivation in Superior Colliculus

VI. Summary and Conclusions

References

6 Animal Models of Visual Development: Behavioral Evaluation of Some Physiological Findings in Cat Visual Development

I. Introduction

II. Visual Deprivation

III. Effects of Binocularity Deprivation

IV. Contour Deprivation

V. Conclusions

References

7 Development of Spatial Vision in Infant Macaque Monkeys under Conditions of Normal and Abnormal Visual Experience

I. Introduction

II. The Infant Monkey as an Animal Model

III. Methods for Studying Spatial Vision in Infant Monkeys

IV. Normal Development of Acuity

V. Normal Development of Contrast Sensitivity

VI. Effects of Early Visual Experience

VII. Summary and Conclusions

References

Part C Visual Development in Human Infants

8 Acuity, Contrast Sensitivity, and Accommodation in Infancy

I. Introduction

II. Infant Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity: Methods of Study

III. Infant Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity: Results

IV. Infant Refraction and Accommodation: Effects on Acuity

V. Innate and Experiential Determinants of Spatial Vision

VI. Conclusions

References

9 Development of Acuity in Infants with Normal and Anomalous Visual Experience

I. Introduction

II. Visual Resolution and the Preference Method

III. Acuity Measurements

IV. The Oblique Effect

V. The Influence of Astigmatism on Acuity

VI. Measuring Stereoacuity

VII. Clinical Applications

VIII. Conclusion

References

10 Color Vision in Infants

I. The Forced-Choice Preferential Looking Technique

II. Scotopic Spectral Sensitivity

III. Photopic Spectral Sensitivity

IV. The Equating of Brightnesses among Stimuli of Different Wavelengths

V. Demonstrations of Wavelength Discrimination

VI. Genetic and Experiential Factors in Color Vision

VII. Summary

References

11 Infants' Responses to Optical Information for Collision

I. Introduction

II. Historical Review

III. The Modern Period: Kinetic Information for Impending Collision

IV. Modern Experimental Work

V. New Responses to Optical Information: The Problem of Interpretation

VI. Developmental Changes in Responsiveness

VII. Further Specification of the Effective Stimulus

VIII. Summary

References

12 Stereopsis in Animals and Human Infants: A Review of Behavioral Investigations

I. Introduction

II. Stereopsis in Animals and Human Infants: Methodological Considerations

III. Stereopsis in the Cat

IV. Stereopsis in the Monkey

V. Stereopsis in Nonmammalians

VI. Evaluation of Stereopsis by the Evoked Potential Method

VII. Stereopsis in Infants and Young Children

VIII. Conclusions

References

Index