Current Topics in Cellular Regulation

List of Contributors

Regulation of the Histidine Operon: Translation-Controlled Transcription Termination (A Mechanism Common to Several Biosynthetic Operons)

I. Introduction

II. Histidine Biosynthesis: The Reaction, the Enzymes

III. Genetics

IV. Evidence Indicating That Synthesis of the Histidine Enzymes Is Regulated

V. Regulation

VI. Conclusions

References

Regulation of Ribonucleotide Reductase

I. Introduction

II. Structure of Enzymes

III. Hydrogen Transport Mechanism

IV. Allosteric Control

V. Regulation of Enzyme Synthesis

VI. Ribonucleotide Reductase and Regulation of DNA Synthesis

VII. Drugs Affecting Ribonucleotide Reductase

VIII. Ribonucleotide Reductase and Immune Dysfunction

References

Multimodulation of Enzyme Activity

I. Introduction

II. Mechanisms of Modulation of Enzyme Activity

III. Prototypes of Multimodulated Enzymes

IV. Multimodulated Enzymes with Three or More Regulatory Mechanisms

V. Analogy Principle in Comparative Biochemistry of Allosteric Regulation of Metabolism

VI. Extension of the Classification of Enzymes to Include Regulatory Mechanisms

VII. Evolutionary Origin of the Modulation of Enzyme Activity

VIII. Concluding Remarks

References

Kinetic Models of Metabolism in Intact Cells, Tissues, and Organisms

I. Introduction

II. Analysis of Systems in Steady State

III. Steady-State Model of the Citric Acid Cycle in Rat Liver

IV. Steady-State Model of Glucose Metabolism in Adipose Tissue

V. Analysis of Systems in Transition State

VI. Transition Models of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Dictyostelium

VII. Summary and Conclusions

VIII. Appendix: Comparison of Model Values and Data from Dictyostelium

References

In Vivo Functioning of the Na+, K+-Activated ATPase

I. Introduction

II. General Operative Considerations

III. Intrinsic Events: Properties of Binding Loci

IV. Significance of Intrinsic Parameters

V. Sensitivity of Enzyme Activity to Changing Ion Concentrations

VI. Extrinsic Events

VII. Processes Altering Enzyme Kinetics

VIII. Periodic Alterations

IX. Aperiodic Alterations

X. Activation Profile

References

Cyclic AMP-Dependent and Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases of Nervous Tissue

I. Introduction

II. Structure and Properties of cAMP-Dependent and cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinases

III. cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinases of Nervous Tissue

IV. cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase of Nervous Tissue

V. Concluding Remarks

References

The Insulin-Like Growth Factors (IGF) of Human Serum: Chemical and Biological Characterization and Aspects of Their Possible Physiological Role

I. Introduction: From Nonsuppressible Insulin-Like Activity (NSILA) to the Insulin-Like Growth Factors (IGF)

II. Purification of IGF I and II

III. Amino Acid Sequences of IGF I and II

IV. Phylogenetic Implications of the Sequence Homologies Between IGF, Proinsulin, and Insulin

V. Model of Three-Dimensional Structure of IGF

VI. Biological Effects of IGFs and Their Relationship to Receptor Binding

VII. The IGF Carrier Complex and Large-Molecular-Weight NSILA, the Native Forms of NSILA in Blood: Chemical and Biological Properties and Speculations on the Physiology of Native IGF

VIII. Relationship Between IGF and the Somatomedins

IX. Assays for the Determination of IGF in Biological Fluids and Cross-Reactions with Somatomedins

X. Site of Production of IGF

XI. Questions and Outlook

References

Index

Contents of Previous Volumes