Cross-Scale Coupling and Energy Transfer in the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere System

1st Edition - December 7, 2021
Editors: Yukitoshi Nishimura, Olga Verkhoglyadova, Yue Deng, Shun-Rong Zhang
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 1 3 6 6 - 7
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 1 3 7 3 - 5

Cross-Scale Coupling and Energy Transfer in the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere System provides a systematic understanding of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere dynamics.… Read more

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Cross-Scale Coupling and Energy Transfer in the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere System provides a systematic understanding of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere dynamics. Cross-scale coupling has become increasingly important in the Space Physics community. Although large-scale processes can specify the averaged state of the system reasonably well, they cannot accurately describe localized and rapidly varying structures in space in actual events. Such localized and variable structures can be as intense as the large-scale features.

This book covers observations on quantifying coupling and energetics and simulation on evaluating impacts of cross-scale processes. It includes an in-depth review and summary of the current status of multi-scale coupling processes, fundamental physics, and concise illustrations and plots that are usable in tutorial presentations and classrooms. Organized by physical quantities in the system, Cross-Scale Coupling and Energy Transfer in the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere System reviews recent advances in cross-scale coupling and energy transfer processes, making it an important resource for space physicists and researchers working on the magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1: Multiscale processes in the M-I-T system
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Part 1 Basic concepts and overview of the coupling system
Part 2 Electric field variability and impact on the ionosphere-thermosphere
Part 3 A review of ion outflow
References
Chapter 2: Auroral structures: Revealing the importance of meso-scale M-I coupling
Abstract
Acknowledgments
2.1: Introduction
2.2: Dayside cusp region
2.3: Polar cap
2.4: Auroral oval
2.5: Subauroral response to flow channels
2.6: Concluding statement
References
Chapter 3: Density, irregularity, and instability
Abstract
Section 3.1
Section 3.2
Section 3.3
Appendix: Simulation software used for examples in Section 3.2
3.1: High-latitude F-region plasma irregularities
3.2: Modeling high-latitude F-region ionospheric fluid instabilities: Linear and nonlinear evolution and observational signatures
3.3: Ionospheric electron density large gradients at midlatitudes
3.4: Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Energetic particle dynamics, precipitation, and conductivity
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Key points
4.1: Energetic particles in the Earth’s plasma sheet and contribution to the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling
4.2: Observations of multiscale convection, precipitation, and conductivity
4.3: Simulating particle precipitation of magnetospheric origin in global models
4.4: Quantifying ionospheric conductances induced by auroral electron precipitation with empirical models and data assimilation techniques
4.5: Open questions
References
Chapter 5: Electromagnetic energy input and dissipation
Abstract
Acknowledgments
5.1: Electromagnetic energy transfer to Earth’s high-latitude upper atmosphere on multiple scales
5.2: Summary and challenges for Poynting flux estimates
5.3: Joule heating in the high-latitude ionosphere
5.4: Observational studies of Joule heating
5.5: Recent observations from the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar
5.6: Modeling approaches to energy budget estimates
5.7: Characterization of Joule heating across different spatial and temporal scales
5.8: Summary and outlook on challenges in Joule heating estimates
References
Chapter 6: Kinetics, ionization and electromagnetic waves
Abstract
Acknowledgments
6.1: Kinetic processes and their feedback to larger scales
6.2: Fast calculation of particle-impact ionization from precipitating energetic electrons and protons in the Earth’s atmosphere
6.3: Electromagnetic fields of magnetospheric disturbances in the conjugate ionospheres: Current/voltage dichotomy
References
Chapter 7: Ionosphere-thermosphere interaction
Abstract
Acknowledgments
7.1: Ionosphere-thermosphere interaction: Theoretical aspects
7.2: Large-scale structures and ion-neutral coupling
7.3: Large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances
7.4: Observational characteristics of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances
References
Index

Yukitoshi Nishimura

Toshi Nishimura is a research associate professor at Boston University. He works on magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling across scales using all-sky imaging, radars, and satellite observations. Key research contributions include the substorm pre-onset auroral sequence, pulsating aurora driving by chorus waves, day-night coupling by flow channels, and localized transients throughout the system. He has received the James B. Macelwane Medal from American Geophysical Union in 2016. He has chaired multi-scale ionosphere-thermosphere coupling sessions at CEDAR workshop and AGU in 2018.

Affiliations and expertise

Rresearch Associate Professor, Boston University, USA

Olga Verkhoglyadova

Olga Verkhoglyadova is a research group supervisor at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. Her expertise is in space weather, solar wind driving of the upper atmosphere, plasma waves and satellite data analysis. Key recent research contributions are on energy budget of the ionosphere-thermosphere system, plasma wave processes in the Earth’s magnetosphere and ionosphere, atmospheric effects of solar energetic particles, ionospheric and atmospheric remote sensing. She is recipient of several NASA and JPL awards. She chaired sessions on high-latitude system dynamics and multi-scale ionosphere-thermosphere coupling at AGU and CEDAR Workshop in 2018.

Affiliations and expertise

Research Group Supervisor, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, USA

Yue Deng

Yue Deng is a professor of space physics in the Department of physics at the University of Texas at Arlington (UTA). Dr. Deng is leading the Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) project to develop next generation simulation capability in ionosphere/thermosphere coupling at multiple scales for environmental specification and prediction. Her professional experience in space physics has involved developing a new 3-dimensional non-hydrostatic ionosphere/thermosphere general circulation model (GCM) and investigating the non-hydrostatic processes in the upper atmosphere. Her research interests include global 3-D modeling of complex system, solar and geomagnetic energy input uncertainty into the upper atmosphere, gravity-acoustic wave propagation, ionosphere-thermosphere coupling in multiple scales, data analysis and planetary atmosphere. She is a recipient of a NSF Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) award. She is serving as a member of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Committee of Solar and Space Physics (CSSP).

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Space Physics, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington (UTA), USA

Shun-Rong Zhang

Affiliations and expertise

MIT Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, USA