Crime Scene Photography
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Crime Scene Photography, Second Edition, offers an introduction to the basic concepts of forensic picture-taking. The forensic photographer, or more specifically the crime scene photographer, must know how to create an acceptable image that is capable of withstanding challenges in court. The photographic theory and principles have to be well grounded in the physics of optics, the how-to recommendations have to work, and the end result must be admissible in court. Based on the author's years of experience in the field at both the Arlington County and Baltimore County Police Departments, this book blends the practical functions of crime scene processing with theories of photography to guide the student in acquiring the skills, knowledge, and ability to render reliable evidence. This text has been carefully constructed for ease of use and effectiveness in training and was class-tested by the author at George Washington University. Beginning August 2008, this book will be required reading by the IAI Crime Scene Certification Board for all levels of certification (through August 2011).
Key Features
- Over 600 full color photographs
- Two new chapters on 'The History of Forensic Photography,' and 'Digital Image Processing of Evidentiary Photography'
- An essential reference for crime scene photography, including topics such as Composition, the Inverse Square Law, Court Cases affecting photography, Digital Image Processing, and Photogrammetry
- Required reading by the Crime Scene Certification Board of the International Association for Identification (IAI) for all levels of certification
Readership
Students in forensic science programs, crime scene investigator/photographers, law enforcement training centers, police academies and local agencies. Forensic consultants and forensic scientists
Table of Contents
- Chapter 1 History of Forensic Imaging
My Inspiration
The Practical Value
The History
Summary
Chapter 2 Composition and Cardinal Rules
Use-Once (or, Use One Time) Camera versus a Professional Camera System
Composition and Cardinal Rules
Cardinal Rules of Crime Scene Photography
Summary
Chapter 3 Basic Exposure (Non-Flash) Concepts
The Proper Exposure Triangle
Shutter Speed as Motion Control
Using Slow Shutter Speeds to Eliminate Rain and Snow
Reciprocal Exposures
The Reflective Light Meter
“Normal” and “Non-Normal” Scenes
Tools for Determining “Proper” Exposures with Tricky Scenes
Bracketing
The F/16 Sunny Day Rule
Causes for Complete Rolls of Film with Exposure Errors
Common Filters
The Eye Cup Cover
Summary
Chapter 4 Focus, Depth of Field, and Lenses
Focus
Depth of Field
Lenses
Summary
Chapter 5 Electronic Flash
Guide Numbers
Flash Sync Speeds
Set the Flash for the Film Used (If Still Using a Film Camera)
Manual Flash Mode
The Inverse Square Law
Automatic and Dedicated Flash Exposure Modes
Built-in Flash Units
Fill-in Flash
Oblique Light, Both Flash and Non-Flash (Flashlight)
Bounce Flash
Painting with Light
Summary
Chapter 6 Crime Scene Photography
Photo Documentation Forms
Overall Photographs
Midrange Photographs
Close-Up Photographs
The Photographic Documentation of Bodies and Wounds
Summary
Chapter 7 Ultraviolet, Infrared, and Fluorescence
The Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS)
Ultraviolet Light (UV)
Infrared Light (IR) on the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Visible Light Fluorescence
Summary
Chapter 8 Photogrammetry
Introduction to Photogrammetry
Perspective Grid Photogrammetry
Perspective Disc Photogrammetry
Natural Grid Photogrammetry
Reverse Projection Photogrammetry
Rhino Photogrammetry
Summary
Chapter 9 Special Photography Situations
Accident Photography
Surveillance Photography
Aerial Photography
Underwater Photography
Summary
Chapter 10 Digital Imaging Technologies
In the Beginning
Expose Yourself to Digital Imaging Concepts: Bits, Bytes, Pixels, and Dots
Take a Picture! It Lasts Longer … Or Does It?
Image S&M … Storage and Management of Your Digital Images
Summary
Chapter 11 Digital Image Processing of Evidentiary Photography
Best Practices and Guidelines
General Guidelines and Requirements
The Order of Enhancements
Getting Started
The Imaging Process (The Act Formerly Known as “Enhancement”)
Summary
Chapter 12 Legal Issues Related to Photographs and Digital Images
Criteria of Photographs and Digital Images as Evidence
The Purpose of Crime Scene Photographs
Photographs of Suspects and Evidence
Legal Implications of Digital Imaging
International Association for Identification (IAI) Resolution 97-9
Case Law Citations Relevant to Film and Digital Images
Canadian Cases
Product details
- No. of pages: 720
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 2010
- Published: December 8, 2009
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9780123757296
- Hardcover ISBN: 9780123757289
- eBook ISBN: 9780123865304
About the Author
Edward Robinson
Edward M. Robinson began his career in law enforcement in 1971, with the Arlington County (Virginia) Police Department (ACPD). After 25 years with the ACPD, Mr. Robinson created the Crime Scene Investigation concentration at The George Washington University for their Master of Forensic Science degree program, and continues there today.
Affiliations and Expertise
Associate Professor, Forensic Science Department, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA