Computers in Earth and Environmental Sciences

Computers in Earth and Environmental Sciences: Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Technologies in Hazards and Risk Management addresses the need for a comprehensive book that focuses on multi-hazard assessments, natural and manmade hazards, and risk management using new methods and technologies that employ GIS, artificial intelligence, spatial modeling, machine learning tools and meta-heuristic techniques. The book is clearly organized into four parts that cover natural hazards, environmental hazards, advanced tools and technologies in risk management, and future challenges in computer applications to hazards and risk management.

Researchers and professionals in Earth and Environmental Science who require the latest technologies and advances in hazards, remote sensing, geosciences, spatial modeling and machine learning will find this book to be an invaluable source of information on the latest tools and technologies available.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Predicting dissolved oxygen concentration in river using new advanced machines learning: Long-short term memory (LSTM) deep learning
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Materials and methods
3: Methodology
4: Results
5: Discussion
6: Conclusions
Chapter 2: Fractal analysis of valley sections in geological formations of arid areas
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Materials and methods
3: Results
4: Discussion
5: Conclusion
Chapter 3: A data-driven approach for estimating contaminants in natural water
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Conflict of interest
Data availability
1: Introduction
2: Data and methods
3: Results and discussion
4: Conclusions
Chapter 4: Application of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in landslide susceptibility mapping for Qazvin province, N Iran
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Study area
3: Material and methods
4: Results and discussion
5: Conclusions
Chapter 5: Assessment of machine learning algorithms in land use classification
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Material and method
3: Results
4: Conclusion
Chapter 6: Evaluation of land use change predictions using CA-Markov model and management scenarios
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Definitions and background
3: Material and method
4: Results and discussion
5: Conclusion
Chapter 7: Topographical features and soil erosion processes
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Terminology and definition of hillslope geometry
3: Three-dimensional hillslopes characteristics in hydrological models
4: Conclusion
Chapter 8: Mapping the NDVI and monitoring of its changes using Google Earth Engine and Sentinel-2 images
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Doroudzan Dam Watershed
3: Methodology
4: Results
5: Discussion
6: Conclusion
Chapter 9: Spatiotemporal urban sprawl and land resource assessment using Google Earth Engine platform in Lahore district, Pakistan
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Study area
3: Methodology
4: Results and discussion
5: Conclusion
Chapter 10: Using OWA-AHP method to predict landslide-prone areas
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Study area
3: Material and methods
4: Results and discussion
5: Conclusions
Chapter 11: Multiscale drought hazard assessment in the Philippines
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Methodology
3: Results
4: Discussion
5: Conclusion
Chapter 12: Selection of the best pixel-based algorithm for land cover mapping in Zagros forests of Iran using Sentinel-2A data: A case study in Khuzestan province
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Material and methods
3: Results
4: Discussions
5: Conclusions
Chapter 13: Identify the important driving forces on gully erosion, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran
Abstract
Acknowledgment
1: Introduction
2: Materials and methods
3: Methodology
4: Results and discussion
5: Conclusion
Chapter 14: Analysis of social resilience of villagers in the face of drought using LPCIEA indicator case study: Downstream of Dorodzan dam
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Methodology
3: Results
4: Discussion
5: Conclusion
Chapter 15: Spatial and seasonal modeling of the land surface temperature using random forest
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Methodology
3: Results and discussion
4: Conclusion
Chapter 16: Municipal landfill site selection and environmental impacts assessment using spatial multicriteria decision analysis: A case study
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Conflict of interests
1: Introduction
2: Study area
3: Data and methods
4: Results and discussion
5: Conclusion
Chapter 17: Predictive habitat suitability models for Teucrium polium L. using boosted regression trees
Abstract
Funding
Conflict of interest
1: Introduction
2: Material and method
3: Results
4: Discussions
5: Conclusion
Chapter 18: Ecoengineering practices for soil degradation protection of vulnerable hill slopes
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Materials and method
3: Role of vegetation in slope stability
4: Soil reinforcement
5: Discussion
6: Conclusion
Chapter 19: Soft computing applications in rainfall-induced landslide analysis and protection—Recent trends, techniques, and opportunities
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Classification factor
3: Landslide analysis
4: Landslide monitoring
5: Machine learning
6: Recent trends
7: Opportunities
8: Importance and future
9: Historical outline of rainfall-induced landslide monitoring and mapping
10: Conclusion
Appendix A
Chapter 20: Remote sensing and machine learning techniques to monitor fluvial corridor evolution: The Aras River between Iran and Azerbaijan
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Methodology
3: Result
4: Discussion
5: Conclusion
Chapter 21: Studies on plant selection framework for soil bioengineering application
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Materials and methods
3: Results and discussion
4: Discussion
5: Conclusion
Chapter 22: IoT applications in landslide prediction and abatement—Trends, opportunities, and challenges
Abstract
1: Overview
2: Technology landscape
3: General view of IoT system for landslide prediction and abatement
4: Discussion of traditional and trending technologies
5: IoT device communication technique
6: Conclusion
Chapter 23: Application of WEPP model for runoff and sediment yield simulation from ungauged watershed in Shivalik foot-hills
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Materials and methods
3: Results and discussion
4: Conclusions
Chapter 24: Parameter estimation of a new four-parameter Muskingum flood routing model
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Materials and methods
3: Results
4: Discussion
5: Conclusions
Chapter 25: Predicting areas affected by forest fire based on a machine learning algorithm
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Materials and methods
3: Results
4: Discussion
5: Conclusion
Chapter 26: Pest-infected oak trees identify using remote sensing-based classification algorithms
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Materials and methods
3: Methodology
4: Image classification algorithms
5: Accuracy assessment
6: Statistical analysis
7: Results
8: Discussion
9: Conclusion
Chapter 27: The COVID-19 crisis and its consequences for global warming and climate change
Abstract
Conflict of interest
1: Introduction
2: Results and discussion
3: Conclusions
Chapter 28: Earthquake ionospheric and atmospheric anomalies from GNSS TEC and other satellites
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Data and method
3: Results
4: Discussions
5: Conclusion
Chapter 29: Landslide spatial modeling using a bivariate statistical method in Kermanshah Province, Iran
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Study area
3: Methodology
4: Result and discussion
5: Conclusion
Chapter 30: Normalized difference vegetation index analysis of forest cover change detection in Paro Dzongkhag, Bhutan
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of interest
1: Introduction
2: Study area
3: Methodology
4: Results
5: Discussion
6: Conclusion
Chapter 31: Rate of penetration prediction in drilling wells from the Hassi Messaoud oil field (SE Algeria): Use of artificial intelligence techniques and environmental implications
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Material and methods
3: Results and discussion
4: Conclusion
Chapter 32: Soil erodibility and its influential factors in the Middle East
Abstract
Acknowledgment
1: Introduction
2: Material and methods
3: Results and discussion
4: Conclusion
Chapter 33: Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of fluoride in groundwater of the River Yamuna flood plain, Delhi, India
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Study area
3: Material and methods
4: Results and discussion
5: Conclusions
Chapter 34: Digital soil mapping of organic carbon at two depths in loess hilly region of Northern Iran
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Materials and methods
3: Results and discussion
4: Conclusions
Chapter 35: Hydrochemistry and geogenic pollution assessment of groundwater in Akşehir (Konya/Turkey) using GIS
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Materials and methods
3: Results and discussion
4: Conclusion
Chapter 36: Comparison of the frequency ratio, index of entropy, and artificial neural networks methods for landslide susceptibility mapping: A case study in Pınarbaşı/Kastamonu (North of Turkey)
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Materials and methods
3: Results and discussion
4: Conclusions
Chapter 37: Remote sensing technology for postdisaster building damage assessment
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Study area and data
3: Methodology
4: Results and discussion
5: Discussion
6: Conclusion
Chapter 38: Doing more with less: A comparative assessment between morphometric indices and machine learning models for automated gully pattern extraction (A case study: Dashtiari region, Sistan and Baluchestan Province)
Abstract
Acknowledgment
1: Introduction
2: Study area
3: Materials and methods
4: Results and discussion
5: Comparison, limitations, and future works
6: Conclusion
Chapter 39: Identification of land subsidence prone areas and their mapping using machine learning algorithms
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Description of the study area
3: Materials and methods
4: Results and discussion
5: Conclusion
Chapter 40: Monitoring of spatiotemporal changes of soil salinity and alkalinity in eastern and central parts of Iran
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Materials and methods
3: Results and discussion
4: Conclusion
Chapter 41: Kernel-based granulometry of textural pattern measures on satellite imageries for fine-grain sparse woodlands mapping
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Materials and methods
3: Results and discussion
4: Conclusions
Chapter 42: Badland erosion mapping and effective factors on its occurrence using random forest model
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Study area
3: Materials and methods
4: Results and discussion
5: Conclusions
Chapter 43: Application of machine learning algorithms in hydrology
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Flood
3: Precipitation estimation (case study: PERSIANN family developments)
4: Water quality
5: Groundwater
6: ML issue and recommendation
7: Conclusion
Chapter 44: Digital soil mapping of soil bulk density in loess derived-soils with complex topography
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Materials and methods
3: Results and discussion
4: Conclusions
Chapter 45: Landslide susceptibility mapping along the Thimphu-Phuentsholing highway using machine learning
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Study area
3: Methodology
4: Result and discussion
5: Conclusion
Chapter 46: Drought assessment using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) in GIS environment in Greece
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Materials and methods
3: Results
4: Discussion
5: Conclusions
Chapter 47: COVID-19: An analysis on official reports in Iran and the world along with some comparisons to other hazards
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Methodology
3: Results
4: Discussion
5: Conclusions
Chapter 48: Multihazard risk analysis and governance across a provincial capital in northern Iran
Abstract
Graphical abstract
1: Introduction
2: Study area
3: Methods and materials
4: Results and discussion
5: Conclusion
Chapter 49: Distribution patterns in plants: Mapping and priorities for plant conservation
1: Introduction
2: Biodiversity mapping
3: Priority for conservation
4: Conservation status
5: Endemism patterns
6: Biodiversity hotspots
7: Important plant areas (IPAs) and alliance for zero extinction (AZE)
8: Land-cover monitoring
9: Recent studies on conservation priorities and distribution patterns of Iranian plant species
References
Chapter 50: Assessing agriculture land-use change using remote sensing data in the Gilan Province, Iran
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Methodology
3: Results
4: Discussion
5: Conclusions
References
Further reading
Index

Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Technologies in Hazards and Risk Management

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Hamid Reza Pourghasemi