Comparative Biochemistry V2

A Comprehensive Treatise

1st Edition - January 1, 1960
Editor: Marcel Florkin
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 3 1 6 - 5

Comparative Biochemistry: A Comprehensive Treatise, Volume II: Free Energy and Biological Function focuses on methodologies, processes, and mechanisms involved in the biological… Read more

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Comparative Biochemistry: A Comprehensive Treatise, Volume II: Free Energy and Biological Function focuses on methodologies, processes, and mechanisms involved in the biological transformations of energy. Composed of contributions of various authors, the book first discusses free energy and the biosynthesis of phosphates. The thermodynamics of phosphoryl and phosphate transfer reactions; enzymatic synthesis of phosphates; and phosphoryl transfer sequences in metabolism are considered. The selection also looks at the utilization of free energy in the biosynthesis of saccharides, proteins, and peptides; ammonia metabolism; and biosynthesis of urea. The book also describes muscular contraction. The structure of myofibril; protein components of myofibril; localization of myofibrillar components; contraction of adenosine triphosphate; and adenosine triphosphatases of muscles are discussed. Other mechanisms that produce movements are also noted. The text ends with discussions on experiments on active transport, balance of electrocytes and water, mechanisms of osmoregulation, bioluminescence, and nerve conduction and electrical discharge. The book is a good source of data for readers interested in studying free energy.

Contributors to Volume II

Reface

Contents of Volumes I, III, And IV

1. Free Energy and the Biosynthesis of Phosphates

I. Introduction

II. Thermodynamics of Phosphoryl and Phosphate Transfer Reactions

III. Enzymatic Synthesis of Phosphates

IV. Phosphoryl Transfer Sequences in Metabolism

List of Abbreviations

References

2. Utilization of Free Energy for the Biosynthesis of Saccharides

I. Introduction

II. The Synthesis of Monosaccharides

III. The Formation of Glycosidic Bonds

References

3. Comparative Biochemistry of Free Energy Utilization for the Biosynthesis of Peptides and Proteins

I. Introduction

II. Energy Coupling in the Synthesis of Small Peptides

III. Energy Coupling in Protein Biosynthesis

References

4. Ammonia Metabolism and Urea Biosynthesis

I. Introductory Remarks

II. Thermodynamic Data and Conventions

III. Structure and Properties of Ammonia

IV. Formation of Ammonia

V. Inorganic Nitrogen Metabolism

VI. Systems Utilizing Ammonia

VII. Biosynthesis of Urea

VIII. Summary Remarks

Addendum

References

5. Muscular Contraction

I. Introduction

II. Structure of a Myofibril

III. Relation of Myofibril to Other Intracellular Components

IV. Protein Components of the Myofibril

V. Localization of Myofibrillar Components

VI. Adenosine Triphosphatases of Muscle

VII. Contraction and Adenosine Triphosphate

VIII. Relaxation

IX. Mechanisms of Contraction

X. Conclusions

References

Addendum

6. Other Mechanisms Producing Movements

I. The Isolation of Motile Structures

II. ATP-Driven Single Movements

III. Movements Which are Inhibited or Made Reversible by ATP

IV. The Rhythmical Movements of Flagella and Cilia

V. Summary

References

7. Active Transport

I. Definition

II. Experimental Characterization

III. Proposed Mechanisms

IV. Types of Active Transport

V. Energy Sources

VI. Specific Inhibition and Stimulation

VII. Quantitative Relation to Metabolism

VIII. Relation to Bioelectric Potentials

References

8. Balance of Water, Electrolytes, and Nonelectrolytes

I. Introduction

II. Balance in the Whole Organism

III. The Distribution of Diffusible Molecules within the Organism

IV. Balance in Plants

References

9. The Mechanisms of Osmoregulation

I. Introduction

II. The Occurrence of Anisosmotic States in Animals

III. The Mechanisms of Osmoregulation

IV. Osmoregulation in Cells and Tissues

V. Some General Conclusions

References

10. Nerve Conduction and Electrical Discharge

I. Introduction

II. Ionic Basis of Bioelectric Potentials

III. Nature of the Permeability Change

IV. The Permeability Change

V. Energy Requirements

VI. Adaptations

VII. Conclusions

References

11. Bioluminescence

I. Distribution of Luminescence in the Living World

II. Essential Chemistry of Light Production

III. Fundamental Differences in Plants and Animals

IV. Well-Known Luminescent Systems

V. Other Luminescent Systems

VI. Evolution of Bioluminescence

References

Author Index

Subject Index