Chemical Determinations

1st Edition - January 1, 1962
Editor: Ralph I. Dorfman
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 7 2 7 8 - 8

Chemical Determinations is a collection of papers that discusses chemical methods used in hormone investigation. One paper explains the physicochemical procedures used to separate… Read more

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Chemical Determinations is a collection of papers that discusses chemical methods used in hormone investigation. One paper explains the physicochemical procedures used to separate estrogens from interfering material which leads to the possible determination of small amounts of hormones in biological fluids. One approach is through simpler methods for routine use, designed principally for the determination of estrogens in urine and in plasma. Another way is through more elaborate methods, designed to establish the presence and identity of various estrogens in small numbers of biological samples. Another paper explains the methods for the analysis of 17-ketosteroids of blood and urine, and a method for the assay of testosterone in plasma which correlates with the state of virilism of an individual. One paper describes the techniques utilized for extraction, preliminary purification, isolation, and quantitative estimation of progesterone. Another paper reviews the occurrence of pregnanetriolone (an inactive urinary metabolite), the significance of its estimation as an aid in differential diagnosis, the methods of estimation, as well as the metabolic pathways leading to the excretion of pregnanetriolone and related steroids. The collection is suitable for researchers, scientists, medical practitioners, or academicians involved in endocrinology, metabolism, and bio-research.

Contributors to Volume I

Preface

Contents, Volume II

1. Estrogens

I. Introduction

II. Problems and Difficulties

III. Criteria for the Assessment of Methods and Procedures

IV. The Estimation of Estrone, Estradiol-17 β, and Estriol: General Procedures

V. The Use of Isotopes

VI. Further Identification Procedures

VII. The Estimation of Conjugates

VIII. The Estimation of Estrogens in Urine

IX. The Estimation of Estrogens in Blood, Tissues and Bile

X. The Problem of Protein Binding

XI. The Estimation of the Newer Estrogens

XII. Discussion

References

2. Assay of 17-Ketosteroids and Testosterone

I. Introduction

II. Determination of Dehydroepiandrosterone

III. Determination of 5α-Androst-16-en-3α-ol (Brooksbank and Haslewood, 1960)

IV. Determination of Testosterone in Plasma (Finkelstein et al., 1961a)

V. Determination of 17-Ketosteroids in Urine

VI. Fractionation of Individual 17-Ketosteroids

VII. 17-Ketosteroids in Plasma and Serum

VIII. The Zimmermann Reaction

IX. Preparation of Neutral Ketonic Fractions

X. Preparation of the β-17-Ketosteroid Fraction

XI. Miscellaneous Methods

References

3. Progesterone

I. Historical Survey

II. Extraction and Preliminary Purification

III. Isolation of Progesterone from Purified Extracts

IV. Quantitative Estimation of Isolated Progesterone

V. Additional Identification of Progesterone

VI. Reliability of Different Methods

VII. Description of Recommended Methods

VIII. Application of Methods

IX. Suggestions for Further Development of Methods

References

4. Pregnanediol and Pregnanetriol

I. The Metabolic Precursors of Pregnanediol and of Pregnanetriol

II. Organs Producing Pregnanediol and Pregnanetriol Precursors

III. The Occurrence of Pregnanediol and Pregnanetriol

IV. Quantitative Relationships between Hormone Production and Metabolite Excretion

V. The Development of Methods for the Assay of Pregnanediol and Pregnanetriol in Urine

VI. A Critical Evaluation of the Principles of Published Methods of Assay

VII. Recommended Methods

VIII. The Clinical Applications of the Assay of Pregnanediol and Pregnanetriol

IX. Future Developments in the Assay of Pregnanediol and Pregnanetriol

References

5. Pregnanetriolone, an Abnormal Urinary Steroid

I. Introduction

II. Historical

III. Methods for the Assay of Pregnanetriolone and Related Steroids in Urine

IV. Preparation of the Urinary Extracts (Methods I and II) According to Cox and Finkelstein (1957)

V. Method Ia (Finkelstein, 1959)

VI. Methods I and Ia: Quantitative Estimation by Fluorometry (Zondek and Finkelstein, 1952; Finkelstein and Goldberg, 1957)

VII. Method II: Quantitative Estimation through the Determination of Acetaldehyde ("Acetaldehydogenic" Steroids) (Cox, 1959)

VIII. Other Methods

IX. Occurrence of Pregnanetriolone

X. Cases Where Pregnanetriolone Was Not Found (Table II)

XI. Conditions in Which Pregnanetriolone Is Excreted

XII. Biosynthesis of Pregnanetriolone

References

6. Adrenocorticosteroids

I. Introduction

II. Requirements for a Good Chemical Assay

III. Methods of Assay

References

7. Assay of Aldosterone and Metabolites

I. Biological Assay

II. Physicochemical Assay

III. Methods of Purification

IV. Metabolism of Aldosterone in Man

V. Urinary Assay Methods

VI. Indirect Secretion Rate Estimates in Man

VII. Assay in Peripheral Blood

VIII. Assays of the Adrenal Gland

References

8. Adrenaline and Noradrenaline

I. Introduction

II. Chemistry

III. Colorimetric Methods

IV. Fluorometric Methods

References

9. Chemical Assay of Thyroxine-Like Materials

I. Introduction

II. Separation of Iodo-Compounds

III. Chemical Methods of Determination

IV. Physical Methods of Determination

V. Summary

References

Author Index

Subject Index