Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation: Vascular Adhesion Molecules presents the study of the structure and function of constitutive and inducible cell surface structures, which contribute to the temporal and spatial patterns, and cellular selectivity of leukocyte-vessel wall interactions. The book addresses the rapidly expanding field of vascular adhesion molecules. Contributed articles discuss SELECTINS, a family of structurally related glycoproteins that contain lectin like domains that confer leukocyte-selective adhesive functions, which include ELAM-1 (Endothelial-Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule-1), GMP-140 (PADGEM, CD62), and LAM-1 (gp 90m e l, LEC-CAM-1, LECAM-1). Other adhesive molecules such as CD44 and members of the immunoglobulin family of cell surface glycoprotiens, including ICAM-1 (CD54), VCAM-1/ INCAM-110 and LP AM-1 are also considered. The text will be very useful to cytologists, molecular biologists, physiologists, and pharmacologists.

Preface

Chapter 1 Endothelial-Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule-1 (ELAM-1):A Vascular SELECTIN That Regulates Inflammation

I. Introduction

II. ELAM-1 Structure and the SELECTIN Gene Family

III. Sialyl-Lewis X, a Carbohydrate Ligand for ELAM-1

IV. Expression of ELAM-1 In Vitro and In Vivo 7

V. Sialyl-Lewis X on Tumor Cells

VI. Summary

References

Chapter 2 Leukocyte Interactions Mediated by GMP-140

I. Introduction

II. Tissue and Subcellular Distribution of GMP-140

III. Structure of GMP-140

IV. Receptor Properties of GMP-140

V. Physiologic Role of GMP-140

VI. Pathologic Role of GMP-140

References

Chapter 3 Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule-1 (LAM-1): Structure, Function, Genetics, and Evolution

I. Introduction

II. LAM-1 Structure

III. LAM-1 Expression

IV. Regulation of LAM-1 Expression

V. LAM-1 Mediates Lymphocyte Binding to HEV

VI. LAM-1 Mediates Leukocyte Binding to Endothelium

VII. Evolutionary Conservation of LAM-1

VIII. Conclusions

References

Chapter 4 The Peripheral Lymph Node Homing Receptor: Tandem Structural and Functional Domains in a Novel Class of Adhesion Molecule

I. Introduction

II. Protein Characterization of the Mouse Lymph Node Homing Receptor

III. Structural Analysis of Lymph Node Homing Receptor cDNA

IV. Evolutionary Conservation of Lymphocyte Homing Receptor Structure

V. Conservation of a Chromosomal Region Containing the Lymph Node Homing Recepter, Its Gene Family, and Complement Regulatory Genes

VI. Functional Domains of the Lymph Node Homing Receptor

VII. Broader Implications of the Lymph Node Homing Receptor for the Function of the Immune System

References

Chapter 5 The Peyer's Patch Homing Receptor: A Novel Member of the Integrin Family

I. Introduction

II. Structure of LPAM-1: A Novel Integrin Molecule α4βp

III. Tissue Distribution of LPAM-1

IV. LPAM-2 α4mβ1: Another Receptor Involved in Lymphocyte Homing to Peyer's Patches?

V. Accessory Molecules for Lymphocyte Homing to Peyer's Patches

VI. Possible Ligands for LPAM-1 or LPAM-2

VII. Concluding Perspective

References

Chapter 6 Vascular Addressins: Tissue Selective Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules for Lymphocyte Homing

I. Introduction

II. Lymphocyte Interactions with High Endothelial Venules

III. Molecules Involved in Tissue-Specific Lymphocyte Interactions with Endothelial Cells

References

Chapter 7 Structure-Function Relationships of the CD44 Class of Glycoproteins

I. Introduction

II. Historical Perspective and Previous Nomenclature

III. General Structure of CD44

IV. Novel CD44 Isoforms

V. Direct Evidence of CD44 Adhesive Function

VI. Effect of Cellular Context on CD44 Function

VII. Involvement of CD44 in Lymphocyte Activation

VIII. CD44 Expression on Memory T Cells

IX. Involvement of CD44 in Transmigration across Endothelium

X. CD44 Expression and Maturation of the Immune System

XL CD44 and Metastasis

XII. Summary and Future Directions

References

Chapter 8 Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1

I. Introduction

II. Characterization of a Novel Endothelial-Lymphocyte Adhesion Pathway

III. Direct Expression, Cloning of VCAM-1

IV. An Alternate Form of VCAM-1

V. VCAM-1 Binds the Integrin VLA-4

VI. Monoclonal Antibodies to VCAM-1

VII. Expression of VCAM-1 In Vivo

VIII. Selective Induction of VCAM-1 by Interleukin-4

IX. Summary

References

Chapter 9 The Role of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the Inflammatory Response

I. Leukocyte Adhesion in Inflammation: Role of CD18 Adhesion Molecules

II. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1): A CD18 Ligand

III. In Vivo Activity of Anti-ICAM-1 Monoclonal Antibodies

References

Index