Brain Injury Medicine
Board Review
- 1st Edition - July 17, 2020
- Editors: Blessen C. Eapen, David X. Cifu
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 6 5 3 8 5 - 5
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 7 7 9 4 4 - 9
The only review book currently available in this complex field, Brain Injury Medicine: Board Review focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of individuals… Read more
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Request a sales quoteThe only review book currently available in this complex field, Brain Injury Medicine: Board Review focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of individuals with varying severity levels of brain injury. Focused, high-yield content prepares you for success on exams and in practice, with up-to-date coverage of traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, CNS neoplasms, anoxic brain injury, and other brain disorders. This unique review tool is ideal for residents, fellows, and practitioners studying or working in the field and preparing to take the brain injury medicine exam.
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Contributors
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- List of Tables
- List of Illustrations
- Section 1. Brain Anatomy and Physiology
- 1. Neuroanatomy correlates
- Structural organization of the brain
- Functional brain connectivity/pathways
- Review questions
- References
- 2. Basic brain neuroscience and pathophysiology
- General state controls over functional brain networks
- Basic neurophysiology of cognitive control
- Pathophysiology of brain injury and recovery in space and time
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- Section 2. Traumatic Brain Injury Severity and Patterns
- 3. Mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain injury
- Definitions
- Common classification systems
- Department of Defense/Department of Veterans Affairs Clinical Practice Guidelines
- Less common classification systems
- Review questions
- References
- 4. TBI by pattern: Penetrating, nonpenetrating, and blast injury
- Penetrating brain injury
- Blast brain injury
- Review
- Review questions
- References
- 5. Brain death criteria
- Criteria for determining brain death
- Ethical and legal concerns
- Review questions
- References
- Section 3. Epidemiology and Risk Factors
- 6. Epidemiology and public health and prevention
- Epidemiology and public health
- Injury prevention
- Review questions
- References
- 7. Proteomic, genetic, and epigenetic biomarkers in traumatic brain injury
- Biomarker definition
- Review questions
- References
- 8. Prognosis and recovery patterns
- Prognostic factors
- Recovery patterns
- Review questions
- References
- Section 4. Emergency Room and Intensive Care Management
- 9. Prehospital care of traumatic brain injury
- Initial prehospital assessment and management
- Mild traumatic brain injury/concussion
- Moderate to severe traumatic brain injury
- Airway, ventilation, oxygenation, and blood pressure
- Circulation and fluid resuscitation
- Neurological examination
- Glasgow Coma Scale
- Cerebral herniation
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 10. Acute emergency management of traumatic brain injury
- General principles
- Initial management priorities
- Emergency neurological assessment
- Initial interventions
- Surgical decision making
- Goals
- Review questions
- References
- 11. Critical care management in traumatic brain injury
- Prehospital management
- Initial resuscitation and management
- Intensive care management
- Neuromonitoring
- Intracranial hypertension management
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 12. Complications of traumatic brain injury
- Herniation syndromes
- Second-impact syndrome
- Postconcussion syndrome
- Posttraumatic epilepsy
- Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- Section 5. Evaluation and Diagnosis
- 13. Physical examination, signs, and symptoms
- Glasgow coma scale
- Review questions
- References
- 14. Diagnostic procedures and electrophysiology
- Diagnostics
- Electrophysiology
- Review questions
- References
- 15. Neuroimaging (structural and functional)
- Imaging modalities in trauma
- Primary effects of neurotrauma
- Secondary effects of neurotrauma
- Review questions
- References
- 16. Functional evaluation
- Clinical measurement
- Domains of functional assessment
- Neuropsychological tests
- Review questions
- References
- 17. Intensity of services, specialized rehabilitation therapies, and interdisciplinary team management
- Intensity of services
- Specialized rehabilitation therapies
- Interdisciplinary team management
- Review questions
- References
- Section 6. Complications and Management
- 18. Cardiovascular and pulmonary
- Cardiovascular complications after brain injury
- Pulmonary complications after brain injury
- Review questions
- References
- 19. GI and nutrition
- Gastrointestinal complications
- Nutritional considerations
- Review questions
- References
- 20. Genitourinary
- Neuroanatomy
- Neurogenic bladder
- Assessment
- Management of neurogenic bladder
- Medical complications of neurogenic bladder
- Review questions
- References
- 21. Soft tissue and orthopedic conditions
- Heterotopic ossification
- Pathophysiology and risk factors
- Fractures
- Soft tissue and nerve injuries
- Musculoskeletal imaging
- Review questions
- References
- 22. Pain
- Posttraumatic headache
- Complex regional pain syndrome
- Myofascial pain
- Review questions
- References
- 23. Neuroendocrine, metabolic and hormonal conditions
- Incidence and prevalence
- Anatomy review
- Pituitary hormones
- Screening recommendations
- Treatment
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 24. Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity
- Autonomic pathophysiology
- A spectrum of autonomic dysfunction syndromes
- Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity
- Review questions
- References
- 25. Spasticity and contractures
- Overview
- Clinical presentation
- Physical examination
- Workup
- Treatment
- Review questions
- References
- 26. Post-traumatic hydrocephalus
- Pathophysiology
- Incidence
- Presentation
- Risk factors
- Evaluation
- Treatment
- Types of shunts
- Complications after shunt placement
- Review questions
- References
- 27. Cranial nerve disorders
- Olfactory (CN I)
- Oculomotor (CN III)
- Trochlear (CN IV)
- Trigeminal (CN V)
- Abducens (CN VI)
- Facial (CN VII)
- Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
- Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
- Vagus (CN X)
- Spinal accessory (CN XI)
- Hypoglossal (CN XII)
- Review questions
- References
- 28. Posttraumatic seizure and epilepsy
- Classification
- Epidemiology
- Risk factors for late-onset posttraumatic epilepsy
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Treatment options
- Driving and work
- Review questions
- References
- 29. Motor control
- Motor control
- Motor learning
- Upper motor neuron syndrome
- Movement disorders
- Posttraumatic dystonia
- Parkinsonism
- Myoclonus
- Review questions
- References
- 30. Pressure injuries, bed rest, and deconditioning
- Pressure injuries
- Bed rest and deconditioning
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 31. Dysphagia and aspiration
- Dysphagia
- Summary
- Four phases of swallowing
- Summary
- Evaluation
- Other swallowing evaluations
- Summary
- Treatment
- Rehabilitative strategies
- Summary
- Complications
- Summary
- Recovery
- Summary
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 32. Speech and language
- Aphasia
- Dysarthria
- Apraxia of speech
- Cognitive communication disorders
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 33. Cognitive functioning after traumatic brain injury
- Posttraumatic amnesia and outcomes
- Prospective assessment of posttraumatic amnesia
- Recovery of cognitive abilities after traumatic brain injury
- Neuropsychological evaluation after traumatic brain injury
- Review questions
- References
- 34. Neurosensory dysfunction
- Hearing impairment
- Anosmia
- Visual dysfunction
- Vestibular/balance
- Review questions
- References
- 35. Emotional dyscontrol
- Irritability
- Affective lability
- Pathological laughing and crying
- Apathy
- Review questions
- References
- 36. Agitation and restlessness
- Diagnosis
- Assessment
- Management and treatment recommendations
- Review questions
- References
- 37. Sleep dysfunction and fatigue
- Evaluation of posttraumatic fatigue
- Evaluation of sleep dysfunction
- Review questions
- References
- 38. Mood and anxiety disorders
- Epidemiology
- Etiology
- Evaluation
- Intervention
- Review questions
- References
- 39. Posttraumatic stress disorder
- History of posttraumatic stress disorder
- Posttraumatic stress disorder prevalence
- Comorbidities of posttraumatic stress disorder and other psychiatric disorders
- Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in individuals with traumatic brain injury
- Diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder
- Overlap of posttraumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury symptoms
- Posttraumatic stress disorder interventions
- Pharmacotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder
- Review questions
- References
- 40. Behavioral dyscontrol
- Disinhibition
- Aggression
- Suicide
- Review questions
- References
- 41. Substance abuse
- Screening
- Effect on recovery/long-term consequences
- Interventions
- Review questions
- References
- 42. Sexuality and intimacy
- Contributing factors to sexual dysfunction
- References
- Section 7. Rehabilitation Concepts
- 43. Therapeutic exercise/rehabilitation
- Motor control
- Mobility and range of motion
- Strength and endurance
- Exercise and activity
- Mobility AIDS, orthoses, casting, and splinting
- Measurement of therapeutic exercise benefit
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 44. Assistive technology
- History and legislation
- Augmentative and alternative communication
- Information and communication technologies
- Switches
- Environmental control
- Electronic memory AIDS
- Brain–computer interfaces
- Considerations for assistive technology, augmentative and alternative communication, and information and communication technologies
- Review questions
- References
- 45. Community reentry
- Defining the problem
- Population considerations
- Settings in the continuum of care
- Special problems
- Review questions
- References
- 46. Involving family in rehabilitation: Role of physiatry
- Why should physiatrists involve family in treatment?
- How does traumatic brain injury affect family members?
- What do family caregivers need?
- What can physiatrists do to help family members?
- Review questions
- References
- Section 8. Special Topics
- 47. Pediatric traumatic brain injury
- Epidemiology
- Measurement, pathophysiology, and classification of traumatic brain injury
- Abusive head trauma
- Concussion and mild traumatic brain injury
- Rehabilitation strategies in pediatric traumatic brain injury
- Medical complications in pediatric traumatic brain injury
- Functional outcomes in pediatric brain injury
- Review questions
- Reference
- 48. Geriatric traumatic brain injury
- Population dynamics
- Leading causes of TBI in the elderly
- Review questions
- References
- 49. Military traumatic brain injury
- Screening
- Management
- Return to duty or activity
- Review questions
- References
- 50. Sport concussion
- Pathophysiology3
- On-field assessment
- Physician evaluation
- Management and treatment
- Recovery
- Prevention
- Review questions
- References
- 51. Gender-specific issues in traumatic brain injury
- Epidemiology
- Outcomes
- Sports-related concussion
- Intimate partner violence
- Review questions
- References
- 52. Postconcussion syndrome assessment, management, and treatment
- Diagnostic criteria
- Clinical assessment
- Management and treatment
- Outcomes
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 53. Nontraumatic brain injury
- Ischemia
- Infection
- Tumors
- Autoimmune brain disorders
- Review questions
- References
- 54. Dual diagnosis of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury
- Epidemiology
- Evaluation and diagnosis
- Rehabilitation
- Outcomes
- Pain
- Heterotopic ossification
- Autonomic dysfunction
- Summary
- Review questions
- References
- 55. Anoxic brain injury
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Examination and prognosis
- Treatment
- Rehabilitation-specific treatment
- Review questions
- References
- 56. Disorders of consciousness
- Nomenclature and taxonomy
- Epidemiology
- Neural substrate of consciousness
- Approach to diagnosis
- Clinical assessment
- Ancillary diagnostic modalities
- Treatment
- Prognosis and outcomes
- Ethical issues
- Review questions
- References
- 57. Complementary and alternative medicine
- Definitions
- Epidemiology
- Natural products
- Acupuncture
- Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
- Mind-body medicine
- Music interventions
- Biofeedback
- Manual therapies
- Naturopathy
- Homeopathy
- Review questions
- References
- 58. Neuromodulation and neuroprosthetics
- Neuromodulation
- Neuroprosthetics and brain computer interface
- Review questions
- References
- 59. Neuropharmacology
- Analgesics
- Anticonvulsants/antiepileptic medications
- Antispasticity agents
- Antibiotics
- Sedatives/hypnotics
- Neurostimulants/cognitive enhancers
- Antidepressants
- Agents for pathological laughing and crying
- Antipsychotics
- Anxiolytics/mood stabilizers
- Antifatigue agents
- Problematic medications
- Review questions
- References
- 60. Neurodegeneration and dementia
- TBI history
- Confounding factors
- Research controversies
- Mechanistic theories
- Summary
- Review questions
- 61. Basic statistics and research methods
- Key terms and concepts
- Types of clinical research
- Potential bias in research
- Review questions
- References
- 62. Ethics and law
- Decision-making capacity
- Withdrawal of treatment
- Legislation
- Medicolegal issues
- Review questions
- References
- Answer key
- Answer key
- Index
- No. of pages: 352
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: July 17, 2020
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Paperback ISBN: 9780323653855
- eBook ISBN: 9780323779449
BE
Blessen C. Eapen
Blessen Eapen is the Chief of the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) Department at the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and is a Health Sciences Associate Clinical Professor at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA. Dr. Eapen is a physiatrist, researcher, and medical educator who has received numerous professional awards and honors and has authored many peer-reviewed publications, chapters and books in the field of rehabilitation medicine
Affiliations and expertise
Chief, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System; Health Sciences Associate Clinical Professor, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CaliforniaDC
David X. Cifu
David Xavier Cifu is an American physiatrist, researcher, and medical educator. He is the Associate Dean for Innovation and System Integration in the School of Medicine at Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, the chairman and Herman J. Flax M.D. Professor of the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Virginia Commonwealth University, staff physiatrist at the Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, founding director of the VCU-Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering and senior TBI specialist in the Department of Veterans Affairs' Veterans Health Administration.
Affiliations and expertise
Associate Dean of Innovation and System Integration and Eminent Scholar, Herman J. Flax, MD Professor and Chair, Department of, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Senior Consultant, Sheltering Arms Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRead Brain Injury Medicine on ScienceDirect