Biotechnology and Plant Breeding

Contributors

Preface

1: Plant Breeding and Biotechnological Advances

Introduction

Evolution of Genetics and Plant Breeding

The Impacts of Advances During the Twentieth Century

Advances and Expected Benefits of Biotechnology

Improvement of Tools in the Third Millennium

Combined Classic Breeding and Biotechnology

Perspectives

2: Molecular Markers

Introduction

PCR-Based Markers

Hybridization-Based Markers

Markers Based on Sequencing

Choice of Molecular Marker

3: Biometrics Applied to Molecular Analysis in Genetic Diversity

Introduction

Genetic Diversity Between Accesses or Within Populations

Diversity and Population Structure

Statistic Tests of the Variance Components and Statistics Φ

4: Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS)

Introduction

QTL Analysis and Genomic Selection: Concepts

Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS)

Genome-Wide Mapping via Single Marker Regression

Statistical Power and Significance of Association for QTL Detection

Genome-Wide Mapping with Haplotype Mixed Models

GWAS in Humans

Capturing h² in Humans with Imperfect LD Between SNPs and Causal Variants

5: Genome-Wide Selection (GWS)

Introduction

Genome-Wide Selection (GWS)

Accuracy of GWS

Estimation, Validation, and Selection Populations

Relationship Between Genetic Variance and Marker Variance

Increase in the Efficiency of Selection for Plant Breeding

6: Genes Prospection

Introduction

Principles of Genetic Mapping

Isolation of Genes by Using Techniques for Structural Genome

Relationship Between Genetic and Physical Maps

Physical Mapping and Isolation of Loci of Interest

The Isolation of Genes From the Functional Genome

Choosing a Technique for Functional Gene Cloning

The Cloning of Genes Using Bioinformatics Resources

Validation of Candidate Genes

Prospects for the Isolation of Genes of Interest

7: Tissue Culture Applications for the Genetic Improvement of Plants

Introduction

Somaclonal Variation

Mutagenesis

Protoplast Fusion

Embryo Rescue

Production of Double Haploid Lines

Synthetic Seed Production

In vitro Selection

Germplasm Conservation And Exchange

8: Transgenic Plants

Introduction

Organization and Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Manipulation of Nucleic Acids

Methodologies for the Development of Transgenic Plants

Laboratory Steps for the Development of Transgenic Plants

Identification of Transgenic Plants

Use, Effects, and Management of Transgenic Cultivars

9: Double Haploids

Haploid Production

Ploid Identification and Chromosome Counting

Double-Haploid Production

Double Haploids in Breeding

Advantages and Disadvantages in the Use of Double Haploids

Application on the Genomic Statistics

Economical Aspects

10: Tools for the Future Breeder

Introduction

Genomic Tools

Techniques Applied to Structural Genome

Techniques Applied to Functional Genome

Average- And Large-Scale Attainment of Markers

Bioinformatics Tools

Biotechnology in Plant Breeding

Perspectives of Genome-Assisted Plant Breeding

Index