Biotechnological Applications of Proteins and Enzymes

List of Participants

Preface

Ephraim Katchalski-Katzir: Portrait of an Israeli Scientist

Greetings by Eliezer Tal

Chapter I The Position of Applied Research in Nonindustrial Laboratories

I. Introduction

II. The Two Facets of Research: Applied and Basic

III. Lessons from the Past

IV. Science and Social Needs

V. Determining Goals and Priorities

VI. Concluding Remarks

Part I Production of Enzymes

Chapter 2 Selection of Bacteria as Sources of Enzymes

I. Introduction

II. A Strategy for the Selection of Enzyme Sources

III. Steps toward International Cooperation in the Selection of Biocatalysts

References

Chapter 3 Industrial Approach to Enzyme Production

I. Introduction

II. Development of New Enzyme Preparations

III. Purification

IV. Immobilization

V. Control Methods and Safety Measures

VI. Conclusions

References

Chapter 4 The Microbial Production of Enzymes

I. Introduction

II. Utilization of Industrial Enzymes

III. Methodology of Enzyme Production

IV. The Complex Nature and Function of Some Enzyme Systems

V. Problems Related to Enzyme Production

References

Chapter 5 Production of Enzymes and Proteins in Tissue Culture

I. Introduction

II. The Need for Large-Scale Tissue Culture

III. Valuable Products from Tissue Culture

IV. Difficulties of Large-Scale Production

V. Apparatus for Large-Scale Production of Cells in Culture

VI. Cell Line Development

VII. Manipulation of the Growth Medium Composition

VIII. Plasminogen Activator Production from Tissue Culture: An Example of the Technology

IX. Conclusions

References

Part II. Exploitation of Soluble and Insolubilized Enzymes

Chapter 6 Protein Immobilization and Affinity Chromatography

I. Introduction

II. Hydrophobic Affinity Adsorption

III. Charge-Transfer Adsorption

IV. Metal Chelate Affinity Chromatography

V. Chemisorption or Covalent Chromatography

VI. Bioaffinity Chromatography

VII. Appendix: Nomenclature

References

Chapter 7 Industrial Application of Immobilized Enzymes: Present State of the Art

I. Introduction

II. Large-Scale Applications

III. Small-Scale Applications

IV. Potential Large-Scale Applications of the Future

V. General Discussion of Design Parameters

VI. Functional Characteristics of Enzymes for Reactors

VII. Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 8 A Comparison of Cells and Enzymes as Industrial Catalysts

I. Introduction

II. Selection of Catalyst Form

III. Discussion

References

Chapter 9 "Togetherness" through Immobilization

I. Introduction

II. Multistep Enzyme Systems

III. Enzyme-Cofactor Systems

IV. Enzyme Electrodes and Thermistors

References

Chapter 10 Chemically Modified Polymers Containing Isocyanide Functional Groups as Supports for Enzyme Immobilization

I. Introduction

II. Attachment of Isocyanide Groups to Common Polymers

III. Coupling of Proteins to Polymers Containing Isocyanide Functional Groups

IV. Chemical Modification of Polymers Containing Isocyanide Functional Groups

V. Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 11 Effectiveness of Enzyme-Membrane Filtration Reactors

I. Introduction

II. Materials and Methods

III. Results and Discussion

References

Chapter 12 Exploitation of Multienzyme Systems for Synthesis

I. Introduction

II. Materials and Methods

III. Results and Discussion

IV. Economic Analysis of the Enzymatic Synthesis

References

Chapter 13 Biotransformation of Steroid Hormones and Antibiotics

I. Introduction

II. Steroid Hormones

III. Antibiotics

IV. Enzymes of Commercial Importance

References

Part III Medical Applications of Proteins and Enzymes

Chapter 14 Zinc Biochemistry: A Perspective on the Role of the Metal in Normal and Abnormal Growth Processes

I. Introduction

II. Biochemical Approaches

III. Chemical Features of Zinc Enzymes

IV. Zinc and Normal Cell Biology

V. DNA Metabolism in Zinc-Deficient Euglena gracilis

VI. DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase I and II of Euglena gracilis: Zinc Metalloenzymes

VII. Zinc and Neoplastic Disease

VIII. Epilogue

References

Chapter 15 Novel Application for Antibodies

I. Introduction

II. Covalent Binding of Daunomycin and Adriamycin to Antibodies

III. Specific Cytotoxic Effects of the Drug-Antibody Conjugates

IV. Fab' Dimers of Antitumor Immunoglobulins as Covalent Carriers of Daunomycin

V. In Vivo Effect of Daunomycin-Antibody Conjugates

VI. Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 16 Applications of Immobilized Enzymes in Analysis With Particular Reference to the Automated Determination of Blood Glucose Using Nylon Tube-Immobilized Glucose Dehydrogenase

I. Introduction

II. Enzymes Immobilized in Nylon Tube

III. Application to the Assay of Glucose

IV. Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 17 Some Economic, Enzymological, and Practical Problems in the Technological and Analytical Application of Immobilized Enzymes

I. Introduction

II. Immobilized Enzymes as Preparative Tools

III. Immobilized Proteins as Analytical Tools

IV. Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 18 Some Medical Applications of Immobilized Proteins and Enzymes

I. Introduction

II. Immobilized Nonenzymatic Proteins

III. Immobilized Enzymes

IV. Concluding Remarks

References

Part IV Proteins as Food

Chapter 19 Interaction of Food Proteins with Water and with Lipids, and Some Effects of These Interactions on Functional Properties

I. Introduction

II. Protein Hydration

III. Lipid-Protein Interactions

IV. Interactions of Oxidized Lipids with Proteins

References

Chapter 20 Muscle and Connective Tissue Proteins as Food

I. Introduction

II. Muscle Cell Structure and Composition

III. Contraction

IV. Postmortem Changes

V. Cold-Shortening and Thaw-Rigor

VI. Resolution of Rigor

VII. Connective Tissue Proteins

VIII. Thermal Effects

IX. Meat Color

X. Concluding Remarks

References

Index