Biopesticides

Volume 2: Advances in Bio-inoculants

1st Edition - November 17, 2021
Editors: Amitava Rakshit, Vijay Singh Meena, P.C. Abhilash, B.K. Sarma, H B Singh, Leonardo Fraceto, Manoj Parihar, Anand Kumar Singh
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 3 5 5 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 6 1 4 - 7

Biopesticide: Volume Two, the latest release in the Advances in Bioinoculant series, provides an updated overview on the active substances utilized in current bioinsecticides,… Read more

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Biopesticide: Volume Two, the latest release in the Advances in Bioinoculant series, provides an updated overview on the active substances utilized in current bioinsecticides, along with information on which of them can be used for integrated pest management programs in agro-ecosystems. The book presents a comprehensive look at the development of novel solutions against new targets, also introducing new technologies that enhance the efficacy of already available active substances. Finally, readers will find insights into the advanced molecular studies on insect microbial community diversity that are opening new frontiers in the development of innovative pest management strategies.

This book will be valuable to those prioritizing agro biodiversity management to address optimal productizing and enhanced food security.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Chapter 1. Bacillus thuringiensis based biopesticides for integrated crop management
1.1. Introduction
1.2. The early beginning of Bacillus thuringiensis as biopesticide
1.3. The past last twenty years of B. thuringiensis as biopesticide
1.4. The present and the future of B. thuringiensis as biopesticide
1.5. Conclusions and perspectives
Chapter 2. Biopesticides for management of arthropod pests and weeds
2.1. Agriculture and pests
2.2. Inconsistencies in understanding the term “biopesticides”
2.3. Plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs)
2.4. Biochemical pesticides
2.5. The biopesticides market and challenges
Chapter 3. Biopesticide formulations - current challenges and future perspectives
3.1. Introduction
3.2. A view through history
3.3. Regulatory framework
3.4. Diversity of biopesticides
3.5. Formulation of biopesticides
3.6. Biopesticides market
3.7. Challenges and future perspectives
Chapter 4. Application technology of biopesticides
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Coverage
4.3. Biopesticides and adjuvants
4.4. Mixture of biopesticides and pesticides
4.5. Influence of climatic factors on the application of biopesticides
4.6. Final considerations
Chapter 5. Microbial pesticides: trends, scope and adoption for plant and soil improvement
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Types of microbial pesticides
5.3. Trends and market demand for microbial pesticide
5.4. Registration and regulation of microbial pesticide globally
5.5. Conclusion and future prospects
Chapter 6. Entomopathogenic nematodes: a sustainable option for insect pest management
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Baiting, isolation, multiplication of EPNs
6.3. Identification of EPNs
6.4. The liaison between EPNs and mutualistic bacteria and their identification
6.5. Lifes cycle, pathogenicity and host range of EPNs
6.6. Mass production, formulation development and application
6.7. Application of EPN genomics to enhance the field efficacy
6.8. Conclusion and future perspectives
Chapter 7. Scientific and technological trajectories for sustainable agricultural solutions: the case of biopesticides
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Method
7.3. Discussion and analysis of results
7.4. Technological trajectory
7.5. Conclusions
Chapter 8. Biopesticides: a genetics, genomics, and molecular biology perspective
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Market trends of biopesticides
8.3. Factors for increasing trends toward biopesticides
8.4. Constraints for the applications of biopesticides
8.5. Role of genetic engineering in context of biopesticides
8.6. Conclusion
Chapter 9. Bacillus thuringiensis, a remarkable biopesticide: from lab to the field
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Isolation and epizootic potential of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
9.3. Nomenclature and characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry pesticidal proteins
9.4. Mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins
9.5. Development of Bacillus thuringiensis formulations
9.6. Bacillus thuringiensis compatibility with natural enemies and Bt plants
Chapter 10. Biopesticides for management of arthropod pests and weeds
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Bioherbicides
10.3. Biopesticides against harmful arthropodes
10.4. Nanoscale biopesticide formulations against arthropod pests and weeds
10.5. Conclusions
Acknowledgement
Chapter 11. Salvia leucantha essential oil encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles with toxicity and feeding physiology of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Materials and methods
11.3. Qualitative analysis
11.4. Test for flavonoids
11.5. Test for alkaloids
11.6. Test for tannins
11.7. Test for phenolics
11.8. Test for terpenoids
11.9. Test for saponins
11.10. Test for glycosides
11.11. GCMS analysis of essential oil of S. leucantha
11.12. Collection and processing of crab shells
11.13. Isolation and extraction of chitosan from crab shell
11.14. Chitosan nanoparticles preparation with essential oil
11.15. Characterization of essential oil loaded chitosan nanomaterials
11.16. H. armigera and S. litura rearing
11.17. Rearing of P. xylostella
11.18. Toxicity against the H. armigera, S. litura and P. xylostella
11.19. Impact on longevity and fecundity of H. armigera, S. litura and P. xylostella
11.20. Quantitative food utilization efficiency measures
11.21. Amylase, protease, proteinase, and lipase assay
11.22. Statistical analysis
11.23. Results and discussion
11.24. GC–MS analysis
11.25. Characterization of essential oil loaded chitosan nanoparticles
11.26. SEM analysis
11.27. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis
11.28. FTIR analysis of essential oil chitosan nanoparticles
11.29. Zeta potential measurements
11.30. Larvicidal and pupicidal toxicity against H. armigera, S. litura and P. xylostella
11.31. Impact of S. leucantha essential oil and encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles on insect longevity and fecundity
11.32. Food utilization measures
11.33. Gut digestive enzymes of H. armigera, S. litura and P. xylostella larvae
11.34. Conclusion
Chapter 12. Microbial bio-pesticide as sustainable solution for management of pests: achievements and prospects
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Biochemical pesticides
12.3. The few examples of pheromones used in agricultural pest management are as follows
12.4. Microbial biopesticides
12.5. Bacteria as biopesticides
12.6. Members of Bacilliaceae as biopesticides (spore formers)
12.7. Members of Pseudomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae as biopesticides (non-spore formers)
12.8. Enterobacteriaceae
12.9. Coniothyrium minitans as biopesticide
12.10. Gliocladium catenulatum as biopesticide
12.11. Yeast as biocontrol agents
12.12. Plant incorporated protectants: genetically modified (GM) crops
12.13. Advantages of microbial biopesticides
12.14. Disadvantages of microbial biopesticides
Chapter 13. Nano bio pesticide: today and future perspectives
Chapter 14. Current development, application and constraints of biopesticides in plant disease management
14.1. Introduction
14.2. History of synthetic pesticides used in plant disease evolution
14.3. Current global scenario
14.4. Biopesticides
14.5. Classification of biopesticides
14.6. Microbial biopesticides
14.7. Insight into popular fungal and bacterial biopesticides used in plant disease management
14.8. Mass production of Trichoderma for commercial purpose
14.9. Formulations for P. fluorescens
14.10. Methods
14.11. Liquid formulation
14.12. Improvement of formulation efficacy
14.13. Molecular approach for improvement of formulation efficacy
14.14. Development of compatible consortia for improvement of formulation efficiency
14.15. General mode of actions of microbial pesticides against plant pathogens
14.16. Nanobiopesticides
14.17. Biopesticides and their association with growth promoter
14.18. Inducer of systemic resistance in plant against plant pathogen
14.19. Botanical biopesticides usage against plant pathogen
14.20. Essential oils
14.21. Advantages and limitations of biopesticides
14.22. Factors affecting biopesticides marketing
14.23. Conclusion
Chapter 15. Insights into the genomes of microbial biopesticides
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Advantages of genetic manipulation and their commercialization
15.3. Conclusions
Chapter 16. Genetic engineering intervention in crop plants for developing biopesticides
16.1. Biopesticides
16.2. Engineering of Bt genes for insect resistance
16.3. Bt cotton adoption in India
16.4. Genetic engineering approaches for combating aphid infestation in crop plants
16.5. Applications of RNA interference (RNAi) to control pests
16.6. Applications of genome editing to control pests
16.7. Future perspectives
Chapter 17. Medicinal plants associated microflora as an unexplored niche of biopesticide
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Plant-microbe association
17.3. Relative factors between microflora and plants
17.4. Conclusion and future perspectives
Chapter 18. Trichoderma: a potential biopesticide for sustainable management of wilt disease of crops
18.1. Introduction
18.2. Trichoderma in the control of wilt disease
18.3. Mechanism of biocontrol by Trichoderma in the control of wilt pathogens
18.4. Conclusion
Chapter 19. Biological inoculants and biopesticides in small fruit and vegetable production in California
19.1. Bioinoculants in strawberry
19.2. Bioinoculants in tomato
19.3. Biopesticides in strawberry and grapes
19.4. Biopesticides in vegetables
19.5. Non-entomopathogenic roles of hypocrealean entomopathogenic fungi
19.6. Strategies and implications for sustainable food production
19.7. Conclusions
Chapter 20. Development and regulation of microbial pesticides in the post-genomic era
20.1. Introduction
20.2. Development of the microbial biopesticide
20.3. Microbial pesticides: brief description
20.4. Genetic improvements of microbial pesticides
20.5. Regulation and commercialization of microbial pesticides
20.6. Microbial pesticides in the post-genomic era
20.7. Future prospects
Chapter 21. Microbial biopesticides for sustainable agricultural practices
21.1. Introduction
21.2. Microbial biopesticides
21.3. Microbial products in biopesticides
21.4. Current status of biopesticides in India
21.5. Current advancement in the microbial biopesticides in the field of genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics
21.6. Conclusion and future directions
Chapter 22. Use of microbial consortia for broad spectrum protection of plant pathogens: regulatory hurdles, present status and future prospects
22.1. Introduction
22.2. Biological control
22.3. Microbial consortium
22.4. Characteristics of microbial consortium
22.5. Microbial consortium mediated plant defense mechanism in biological control
22.6. Different types of microbial consortium
22.7. Need for development of biopesticides containing microbial consortium
22.8. Current status of Indian biopesticide sector
22.9. Hurdles in commercialization of microbial based products in India
22.10. Conclusion
Chapter 23. Biocides through pyrolytic degradation of biomass: potential, recent advancements and future prospects
23.1. Introduction
23.2. Pyrolysis-an efficient technology
23.3. Pyrolytic feedstock
23.4. Products of pyrolysis
23.5. Acetic acid as potential product
23.6. Acetic acid eco-toxicology
23.7. Quinone eco-toxicology
23.8. Catechol eco-toxicology
23.9. Phenol eco-toxicology
23.10. Other alcohol
23.11. Future prospects
Chapter 24. Trichoderma: agricultural applications and beyond
24.1. Introduction
24.2. Achieving UN sustainable development goals (SDGs)
24.3. Pesticides consumption in the management of pests
24.4. Benefits of microbes in rhizosphere
24.5. Soil borne diseases and plant pathogens
Chapter 25. Exploring the potential role of Trichoderma as friends of plants foes for bacterial plant pathogens
25.1. Introduction
25.2. Mechanisms
25.3. Trichogenic-nanoparticles and its application in crop protection
25.4. Conclusions
Chapter 26. Advance molecular tools to detect plant pathogens
26.1. Introduction
26.2. Molecular techniques of plant disease detection
26.3. Spectroscopic and imaging techniques
26.4. Fluorescence spectroscopy
26.5. Visible and infrared spectroscopy
26.6. Fluorescence imaging
26.7. Hyper spectral imaging
26.8. Other imaging techniques
26.9. Profiling of plant volatile organic compounds
26.10. Electronic nose system
26.11. GC–MS
26.12. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization
26.13. Hyper spectral techniques
26.14. Biosensor platforms based on nonmaterials
26.15. Affinity biosensors
26.16. Antibody-based biosensors
26.17. DNA/RNA-based affinity biosensor
26.18. Enzymatic electrochemical biosensors
26.19. Bacteriophage based biosensors
26.20. Affinity-based biosensors
26.21. Genetically-encoded biosensors
26.22. Spectroscopic and imaging techniques
26.23. Conclusion
Index

Amitava Rakshit

Amitava Rakshit is a faculty member of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry at the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University. His research areas include nutrient use efficiency, simulations modelling, organic farming, integrated nutrient management, and bioremediation. His consulting capabilities are composting techniques, soil health management, and input quality control. He is currently the Chief Editor of the International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Biotechnology. He is a member of the Global Forum on Food Security and Nutrition of FAO, Rome, and the Commission on Ecosystem Management of International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Affiliations and expertise

Faculty Member, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, India

Vijay Singh Meena

Dr. Vijay Singh Meena has made remarkable contributions in the field of agricultural research, aligning his efforts with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Particularly, his work focuses on evaluating and promoting climate-resilient technologies for diverse cropping systems, directly contributing to SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 13 (Climate Action).

His expertise lies in optimizing input usage, fostering carbon-neutral farming practices, and enhancing productivity and profitability in agriculture, which are integral to achieving SDG 2 by ensuring food security and promoting sustainable agriculture. Furthermore, his initiatives in evaluating climate-resilient technologies align with SDG 13 by addressing climate change impacts and promoting adaptation measures in agriculture.

Dr. Meena's academic background in Soil Science and Cropping System Management, coupled with his extensive research experience, has equipped him with a profound understanding of cropping systems. His expertise in input optimization, quantitative cropping systems analysis, and soil health management has significantly contributed to improving livelihoods in South Asia, thus supporting SDG 1 (No Poverty) and SDG 2.

Furthermore, Dr. Meena has been recognized for his scientific excellence, receiving prestigious awards such as the INSA Young Scientist Award and the IASWC Budding Scientist Award, which further highlights his contributions towards achieving the SDGs. In summary, Dr. Vijay Singh Meena's outstanding achievements, leadership abilities, and commitment to agricultural innovation directly contribute to advancing the SDGs, particularly SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 13 (Climate Action), and make him a valuable asset in promoting climate-resilient agriculture and sustainable food systems.

Affiliations and expertise

ICAR

P.C. Abhilash

Purushothaman C. Abhilash is a Senior Assistant Professor of Sustainability Science in the Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development (IESD) at Banaras Hindu University. He also leads the Agroecosystem Specialist Group of IUCN-Commission on Ecosystem Management. He is a fellow of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, India. His research interest lies in various inventive methods for restoring marginal, degraded, and polluted lands for regaining ecosystem services. He is particularly interested in system sustainability, circular economy principles, policy realignment, and the localization of UN-SDGs for sustainable development. He is part of the editorial board of prestigious journals on Ecology, Environment, and Sustainable Development, and also serves as a subject expert for UN-IPBES, IRP-UNEP, UNDP-BES Network, IPCC, UNCCD, APN, GLP, and IUCN Commissions (CEM, CEC, CEESP, and SSC) for fostering global sustainability.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Assistant Professor of Sustainability Science, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development (IESD), Banaras Hindu University, India

H B Singh

Harikesh B. Singh is presently a retired Professor of Mycology and Plant Pathology from IAS,BHU. He served state agriculture university, central university and CSIR institute in teaching, research, and extension roles. In recognition of Prof.Singh’s scientific contributions and leadership in the field of plant pathology, he was honored with several prestigious awards, notable being, CSIR Prize for Biological Sciences ,Vigyan Bharti Award ,Prof. V.P. Bhide Memorial Award , BRSI Industrial Medal Award ,Bioved Fellowship Award , Prof.PanchananMaheshwari ,IPS Plant Pathology Leader Award , CSIR–CAIRD Team award, Environment Conservation Award, CST VigyanRatna Award and many more. Prof. Singh has been the Fellow of National Academy of Agricultural Sciences .Prof. Singh has written two books, several training modules and manuals and more than 150 research publications and has more than 18 US patents and 3 PCTs to his credit.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Mycology and Plant Pathology from IAS,BHU

Leonardo Fraceto

Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto  has a bachelor's degree in Chemistry from the State University of Campinas (1997), a master's in Functional and Molecular Biology from the State University of Campinas (2000) and a PhD in Functional and Molecular Biology from the State University of Campinas (2003). He is currently an Associate Professor at the Institute of Science and Technology of São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Sorocaba at the Environmental Engineering undergraduate course and at the postgraduate in Environmental Sciences. He coordinated the Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences of Unesp/Sorocaba (from 2012 to 2016). He has experience in chemistry and biochemistry, with an emphasis on environmental nanotechnology and applications of nanotechnology in agriculture.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor at the Institute of Science and Technology of São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Manoj Parihar

Manoj Parihar is currently working at ICAR-VPKAS, Almora as a Soil Scientist in Crop Production Division. He did his graduation from SKRAU, Bikaner and selected as ICAR-JRF fellow for post-graduation in BHU, Varanasi. He has been awarded doctorate from the same university in the year 2018. He has received various recognitions such as ICAR-SRF, UGC-BSR, UGC-RGNF etc.

Affiliations and expertise

Scientist, Crop Production Division, ICAR-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Uttarakhand, India

Anand Kumar Singh

Anand Kumar Singh. (aka Awtar Kumar Singh) is presently the deputy director general of horticulture , Indian Council of Agricultural Research, has a bachelor's degree in Agriculture from Banaras Hindu University , a master's and PhD in Horticulture with a specialization in Pomology from Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. His research areas include genetic improvement of fruit crops, plant Tissue culture and transcriptome analysis of mango. He was honored with several prestigious awards, notable being, Mombusho Award (1989) by Japanese Govt. ,visiting scientist award by Association of International Education, Japan (1999);  DBT Overseas Associateship Award (2006);  Gold Medal:  The Horticultural Society of India (2008); Fellow of National Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2016) and many more

Affiliations and expertise

Deputy Director General of horticulture , Indian Council of Agricultural Research