
Biofuels for Aviation
Feedstocks, Technology and Implementation
Description
Key Features
- Presents the current status of biofuels for the aviation sector, including technologies that are currently in use and the most promising future technologies, their production processes and viability
- Explains the requirements for certification and performance of aviation fuels and how that can be achieved by biofuels
- Explores the economic and policy issues, as well as life cycle assessment, a comparative techno-economic analysis of promising technologies and a roadmap to the future
- Explores conversion processes such as hydrotreatment, synthetic biology, pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction and Fisher-Tropsch
Readership
Industrial researchers in the aviation and bioenergy sectors, postgraduates and academics in bioenergy conversion, technoeconomic analysis and policy
Table of Contents
Section I: An Overview of the Sector
Chapter 1. The Prospects for Biofuels in Aviation
- Abstract
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Growth in Air Transportation, Fuel Use, and CO2 Emissions
- 1.3 Government and Industry Initiatives to Control Air Transportation CO2 Emissions
- 1.4 Transportation System CO2 Intensity
- 1.5 Aircraft CO2 Intensity
- 1.6 Reducing Air Transportation CO2 Intensity
- 1.7 Biofuels for Aviation: Opportunities and Challenges
- 1.8 Conclusions
- References
Chapter 2. Feedstocks for Aviation Biofuels
- Abstract
- 2.1 Feedstocks for Bio-Derived Aviation Fuels
- 2.2 Challenges and Opportunities
- 2.3 Summary
- References
Chapter 3. Certification and Performance: What Is Needed from an Aviation Fuel?
- Abstract
- 3.1 Introduction to Relevant Standards
- 3.2 Discussion of Some Drop-In Fuel Property Requirements
- 3.3 Speculation on Possible Future Changes in ASTM 7566 Requirements
- 3.4 Prospects for All-New, Non-Drop-In Fuels
- References
Section II: The Science and Technology of Developing Biofuels for Aviation
Chapter 4. The Suitability of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) as Blending Agents in Jet A-1
- Abstract
- 4.1 An Introduction to FAME in Jet A-1
- 4.2 Methods Used in the Testing of FAME Components in Jet-A1
- 4.3 Application and Testing of Specific FAME Blends
- 4.4 Material Compatibility With DFAME
- 4.5 Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 5. Aviation Biofuels Through Lipid Hydroprocessing
- Abstract
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Effect of Catalysts on Lipid Hydroprocessing
- 5.3 Kinetics, Reaction Mechanisms, and Pathways
- 5.4 Path Forward and Challenges
- 5.5 Conclusion
- References
Chapter 6. Low-Carbon Aviation Fuel Through the Alcohol to Jet Pathway
- Abstract
- Acronyms and Abbreviations
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Background
- 6.3 Approaches to Producing Synthetic Paraffin Kerosene (SPK) Jet Fuel From Ethanol
- 6.4 Adjusting the Aromatic Content of the Product
- 6.5 Market Drivers for Ethanol to Jet Fuel
- 6.6 Conclusions and Recommendations
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 7. Metabolic Engineering Strategies to Convert Carbohydrates to Aviation Range Hydrocarbons
- Abstract
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Fatty Acid-Derived Aviation Range Biofuels
- 7.3 Isoprenoids as Aviation Fuels
- References
Chapter 8. Pyrolysis of Biomass for Aviation Fuel
- Abstract
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Pyrolysis Feedstocks
- 8.3 Bio-oil Composition and Properties
- 8.4 Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass
- 8.5 Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass
- 8.6 Jet Fuel-Specific Pyrolysis
- 8.7 Conclusions and Final Remarks
- References
Chapter 9. Towards an Aviation Fuel Through the Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae
- Abstract
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Hydrothermal Processing of Algal Feedstocks
- 9.3 Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Microalgae
- 9.4 Macroalgae as a Feedstock: Prospects and Challenges
- 9.5 Characteristics of Bio-Crude Oil From Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae
- 9.6 Continuous HTL Systems and Challenges in Advancing the Technology
- 9.7 Process Integration for an Advanced Biorefinery
- 9.8 Conclusions and Future Direction
- References
Chapter 10. Aviation Turbine Fuels Through the Fischer–Tropsch Process
- Abstract
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Molecular Properties Required by Aviation Turbine Fuels
- 10.3 Composition of Products From Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis
- 10.4 Jet Fuel Blending Components From Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis
- 10.5 On-Specification Jet Fuel From Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis
- 10.6 Conclusions
- References
Chapter 11. Current and Potential Aviation Additives for Higher Biofuel Blends in Jet A-1
- Abstract
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Approved Additives for Alternative Fuels
- 11.3 Looking to the Future: Potential Additives for Alternative Fuels
- References
Section III: Testing, Assessment and the Future
Chapter 12. Life Cycle Assessment of Biojet Fuels
- Abstract
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Historical Aspects and Definitions
- 12.3 LCA Guidelines
- 12.4 LCA of Biojet Fuels
- 12.5 Final Comments
- References
Chapter 13. Government Policy on Delivering Biofuels for the Aviation Sector
- Abstract
- 13.1 Biofuels in the Aviation Sector – Current Status and Expectations
- 13.2 Policies Influencing the Market Introduction of Biojet Fuels
- 13.3 Sustainability and Certification Issues
- 13.4 Conclusion and Outlook: What Is Necessary to Bring Biojet Fuels into the Markets
- References
Chapter 14. Sustainable Aviation: A UK Roadmap for Sustainable Aviation Fuels
- Abstract
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 Sustainability
- 14.3 Developing Sustainable Fuels
- 14.4 Sustainable Fuel Supply Potential
- 14.5 The UK Value in Developing Sustainable Fuels
- 14.6 Overcoming Development Barriers
- 14.7 Enabling Sustainable Fuels in the United Kingdom
- 14.8 The Sustainable Aviation Fuels Roadmap
- References
Chapter 15. Roadmap to a Sustainable Aviation Biofuel: A Brazilian Case Study
- Abstract
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Agricultural Feedstocks in Brazil: Existing and Potentially Available
- 15.3 Availability of Land in Brazil for Biofuels
- 15.4 Sustainability of Aviation Biofuel Production in Brazil
- 15.5 Possible Pathways for Biofuels for Aviation in Brazil
- 15.6 Roadmap Summary for Brazil: Limiting Factors and Policy Recommendations
- 15.7 Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
Appendix A. Standard and Alternative Fuel Specifications
- A.1 Fuel Additives
- A.2 Jet A, Jet A-1, and JP-8 Specifications
- A.3 Approved Nonconventional Fuels
- A.4 Jet-P 9 and 10 Select Specifications
Appendix B. Commercial Biofuel Flight Demonstrations (Data Collected by Innovate Washington 2013)
Product details
- No. of pages: 390
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 2016
- Published: June 1, 2016
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Paperback ISBN: 9780128045688
- eBook ISBN: 9780128032152
About the Editor
Christopher Chuck
