Atlas of Hematopathology

As the definitive diagnostic atlas of the diseases of the hematopoietic system, the Atlas of Hematopathology appeals to a wide range of people who are being trained in a variety of medical fields or practicing as non-hematopathologists, and therefore, are looking for a book which can provide information in a clear, focused format, with no excessive text or details. The atlas offers effective guidance in evaluating specimens from the lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood, enabling clinicians to deliver more accurate and actionable pathology reports. Practicing physicians and those in pathology and hematology training also gain a better understanding of the nature of hematologic disorders and improve their diagnostic skills along the way.

Taking a unique multi-disciplinary approach, the book covers conventional histopathology and cytopathology, as well as all important complementary diagnostic tests, such as immunophenotyping (immunohistochemical stains and flow cytometry), karyotyping, FISH and DNA/molecular studies. It offers concise textual and extensive visual coverage of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic hematology disorders, with the neoplastic hematology sections presented according to the most recent WHO classifications. There is also an introduction to the normal structures of hematopoietic tissues and the various multidisciplinary techniques.

The atlas contains more than 900 high-quality color images that mirror the findings that fellows and clinicians encounter in practice. It provides information in a quick, simple and user-friendly manner, attracting those who are in training or are not considered experts in the field. Residents, fellows, practicing clinicians, and researchers in pathology, hematology, hematology/oncology, as well as graduate students in pathology and other clinicians workings in clinical hematology laboratories will all find it useful.

• Saves clinicians and researchers time in quickly accessing the very latest details on the diverse clinical and scientific aspects of hematopathology, as opposed to searching through thousands of journal articles
  
• For clinicians, fellows, and residents, correct diagnosis (and therefore correct treatment) of diseases depends on a strong understanding of the molecular basis for the disease – hematologists, pathologists, oncologists, and other clinicians will benefit from this clear, focused, annotated format
  

• Companion web site features over 900 images from the book!

Residents, fellows, practicing clinicians, and researchers in pathology, hematology, hematology/oncology, as well as graduate students in pathology and other clinicians workings in clinical hematology laboratories.

Preface

Acknowledgments

1. Structure and Function of Hematopoietic Tissues

Bone Marrow Examination

Morphologic Characteristics of Bone Marrow Cells

Blood Smear Examination

Structure and Function of the Spleen

Structure and Function of the Lymph Nodes

Extramedullary Hematopoiesis

Additional Resources

2. Principles of Immunophenotyping

Human Cell Differentiation Molecules

Principles of Flow Cytometry

Principles of Immunohistochemistry

Additional Resources

3. Principles of Cytogenetics

Introduction

Cell Preparation

Banding Techniques

Analysis

Conclusions

Additional Resources

4. Principles of Molecular Techniques

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Polymerase Chain Reaction and Related Techniques

Blotting Techniques

Microarray Techniques

DNA Sequencing

Additional Resources

5. Morphology of Abnormal Bone Marrow

Gelatinous Transformation

Bone Marrow Necrosis

Amyloidosis

Granulomas

Bone Marrow Metastasis

Bone and Stromal Changes

Additional Resources

6. Reactive Lymphadenopathies

Follicular Pattern

Paracortical (Interfollicular) Pattern

Sinus Pattern

Granulomatous Lymphadenitis

Mixed Pattern

Additional Resources

7. Bone Marrow Aplasia

Fanconi Anemia

Other Congenital Bone Marrow Aplasias

Acquired Aplastic Anemia

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

8. Myelodysplastic Syndromes/Neoplasms—Overview

Morphologic Features—Overview

Immunophenotype

Molecular Studies

Cytogenetics

Additional Resources

9. Myelodysplastic Syndromes/Neoplasms—Classification

Refractory Cytopenia with Unilineage Dysplasia

Refractory Anemia with Ring Sideroblasts

Refractory Cytopenia with Multilineage Dysplasia

Refractory Anemia with Excess Blasts

Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Isolated Del(5q)

Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Unclassifiable

Other Types of Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Non-Clonal Myelodysplasia

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resourses

10. Myeloproliferative Neoplasms—Overview

Morphology

Immunophenotype

Molecular Studies

Cytogenetics

Additional Resources

11. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Morphology and Laboratory Findings

Immunophenotype

Molecular Studies

Cytogenetics

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

12. Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Associated with JAK2 Mutation

Polycythemia Vera

Primary Myelofibrosis

Essential Thrombocythemia

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

13. Chronic Neutrophilic and Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemias

Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia

Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia, Not Otherwise Specified

Additional Resources

14. Mastocytosis

Morphology and Laboratory Findings

Immunophenotypic Studies

Molecular and Cytogenetic Studies

Classification

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

15. Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

16. Hematologic Neoplasms Associated with Eosinophilia and PDGFRA, PDGFRB, or FGFR1 Rearrangement

Myeloid and Lymphoid Neoplasms Associated with PDGFRA Rearrangement

Myeloid Neoplasms Associated with PDGFRB Rearrangement

Myeloid and Lymphoid Neoplasms Associated with FGFR1 Rearrangements

Additional Resources

17. Acute Myeloid Leukemia—Overview

Morphology

Cytochemical Stains

Immunophenotypic Studies

Molecular Studies

Cytogenetics

Additional Resources

18. Acute Myeloid Leukemias with Recurrent Genetic Abnormalities

AML with Chromosomally Balanced Rearrangements: Translocations/Inversions

AML with Gene Mutations

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

19. Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Myelodysplasia-Related Changes

Morphology (Figures 19.1 to 19.4)

Immunophenotype

Molecular and Cytogenetic Studies

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

20. Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms

Alkylating Agent/Radiation-Related Myeloid Neoplasms

Topoisomerase II Inhibitor- Related AML

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

21. Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Not Otherwise Specified

AML, Minimally Differentiated

AML without Maturation

AML with Maturation

Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Acute Monoblastic and Acute Monocytic Leukemias

Acute Erythroid Leukemias

Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia

Acute Basophilic Leukemia

Acute Panmyelosis with Myelofibrosis

Other Types of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Additional Resources

22. Myeloid Proliferations Related to Down Syndrome

Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis

DS-Associated Myeloid Leukemias

Additional Resources

23. Lymphoblastic Neoplasms—B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma

Common Morphologic and Cytochemical Features

B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma with Recurrent Genetic Abnormalities

B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

24. Lymphoblastic Neoplasms—T-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma

Morphology

Immunophenotype and Cytochemical Stains

Cytogenetic and Molecular Studies

Rare Variants of Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

25. Acute Leukemias of Ambiguous Lineage

Acute Undifferentiated Leukemia

Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

26. Mature B-Cell Neoplasms—Overview

Morphology

Immunophenotype

Cytogenetics and Molecular Studies

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

27. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma

Morphology

Immunophenotype

Cytogenetic and Molecular Studies

Variants of CLL/SLL

Transformation of CLL to a More Aggressive Disease (Richter Syndrome)

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

28. B-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia

Morphology

Immunophenotype

Cytogenetic and Molecular Studies

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

29. Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma/Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia

Morphology and Laboratory Findings (Figures 29.1 to 29.5)

Immunophenotype

Cytogenetic and Molecular Studies

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

30. Hairy Cell Leukemia

Morphology

Immunophenotype and Cytochemical Stains

Molecular and Cytogenetic Studies

HCL Variants

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

31. Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma

Morphology

Immunophenotype

Cytogenetic and Molecular Studies

Other Splenic B-Cell Lymphomas

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

32. Nodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma

Morphology

Immunophenotype

Molecular and Cytogenetic Studies

Pediatric Nodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

33. Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT Lymphoma)

Morphology

Immunophenotype

Cytogenetic and Molecular Studies

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resourses

34. Follicular Lymphoma

Morphology

Immunophenotype

Cytogenetic and Molecular Studies

Variants of Follicular Lymphoma

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

35. Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Morphology

Immunophenotype

Cytogenetic and Molecular Studies

Indolent Variant of MCL

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

36. Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Morphology and Laboratory Findings

Immunophenotype

Molecular and Cytogenetic Studies

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

37. Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Subtypes

T-Cell/Histiocyte-Rich Large B-Cell Lymphoma

EBV+ Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Elderly

Primary DLBCL of the CNS

Additional Resources

38. Other Lymphomas of Large B Cells

Primary Mediastinal (Thymic) Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Associated with Chronic Inflammation

Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis

ALK-Positive Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Primary Effusion Lymphoma

Plasmablastic Lymphoma

Large B-Cell Lymphoma Arising in HHV8-Associated Multicentric Castleman Disease

HHV8- and EBV-Associated Germinotropic Lymphoproliferative Disorder

B-Cell Lymphoma, Unclassifiable, with Features Intermediate between DLBCL and Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Additional Resources

39. Burkitt Lymphoma

Burkitt Lymphoma

B-Cell Lymphoma, Unclassifiable, with Features Intermediate Between Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Burkitt Lymphoma

Additional Resources

40. Primary Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphomas

Primary Cutaneous Follicle Center Lymphoma

Primary Cutaneous Marginal Zone Lymphoma

Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma–Leg Type

Plasmacytoma

Additional Resources

41. Plasma Cell Neoplasms

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance

Plasma Cell Myeloma

Osteosclerotic Myeloma

Plasmacytoma

Deposition Diseases

Additional Resources

42. Mature T- and NK-Cell Neoplasms—Overview

T-Cells

NK-cells

Classification

Additional Resources

43. Large Granular Lymphocytic Neoplasms and Related Disorders

T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia

Chronic Lymphoproliferative Disorder of NK Cells

Aggressive NK-Cell Leukemia

Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type

EBV-Associated T/NK-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder of Children and Young Adults

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

44. T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia

Morphology

Immunophenotype

Cytogenetic and Molecular Studies

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

45. Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma

Morphology

Immunophenotype

Molecular and Cytogenetic Studies

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

46. Hepatosplenic T-Cell Lymphoma

Morphology

Immunophenotype

Molecular and Cytogenetic Studies

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

47. Enteropathy-Associated T-Cell Lymphoma

Morphology

Immunophenotype

Molecular and Cytogenetic Studies

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

48. Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome

Mycosis Fungoides

Sézary Syndrome

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

49. Other Primary Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Primary Cutaneous CD30-Positive T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma

Cutaneous γδ T-Cell Lymphoma

Primary Cutaneous Aggressive Epidermotropic CD8+ Cytotoxic T-Cell Lymphoma

Primary Cutaneous CD4+ Small/Medium T-Cell Lymphoma

Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Hydroa Vacciniforme-Like Cutaneous Lymphoma of Childhood

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

50. Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma

Morphology and Laboratory Findings

Immunophenotype

Molecular and Cytogenetic Studies

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

51. Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphomas

Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, ALK-Positive

Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, ALK-Negative

Borderline Cases

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

52. Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified

Morphology

Immunophenotype

Molecular and Cytogenetic Studies

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

53. Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma

Overview of Hodgkin Lymphoma

Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma

Additional Resources

54. Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Nodular Sclerosis Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Mixed Cellularity Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Lymphocyte-Rich Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Lymphocyte-Depleted Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Resources

55. Immunodeficiency Disorders

Primary Immunodeficiency Syndromes

Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Idiopathic CD4+ T-Lymphocytopenia

Additional Resources

56. Iatrogenic Immunodeficiency-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Other Iatrogenic Immunodeficiency-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Additional Resources

57. Lymphocytopenia and Lymphocytosis

Lymphocytopenia

Lymphocytosis

Additional Resources

58. Histiocytic Disorders

Gaucher Disease

Niemann–Pick Disease

Chédiak–Higashi Syndrome

Monocytopenia and Monocytosis

Reactive Histiocytic Proliferations

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

Histiocytic Sarcoma

Additional Resources

59. Disorders of Dendritic Cells

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Langerhans Cell Sarcoma

Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm

Interdigitating Dendritic Cell Sarcoma

Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma

Additional Resources

60. Granulocytic Disorders

Morphologic Abnormalities

Functional Abnormalities

Neutropenia

Neutrophilia

Eosinophilia

Basophilia

Additional Resources

61. Disorders of Red Blood Cells—Anemias

Pure Red Cell Aplasia

Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemias

Macrocytic Anemias

Microcytic Anemias

Sickle Cell Disease

Other Hemoglobinopathies

Erythrocyte Membrane Skeleton Defects

Hemolytic Anemia Secondary to Erythrocyte Enzyme Deficiencies

Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia

Acquired Non-Immune Hemolytic Anemias

Other Types of Anemia

Additional Resources

62. Disorders of Megakaryocytes and Platelets

Megakaryocytic Hypoplasia

Megakaryocytosis

Thrombocytopenia

Qualitative Disorders of Platelets and Megakaryocytes

Disorders of Platelet Secretion and Granule Deficiencies

Acquired Platelet Disorders

Additional Resources

63. Post-Therapy Changes

Changes Associated with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Post Chemotherapy and Irradiation Changes

Cytokine-Associated Bone Marrow Changes

Changes Associated with Application of Monoclonal Antibodies

Changes Associated with Imatinib Mesylate (Gleevec) Therapy

Minimal Residual Disease

Additional Resources

Index