Aphasia

1st Edition, Volume 185 - January 23, 2022
Editors: Argye Elizabeth Hillis, Julius Fridriksson
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 3 8 4 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 4 7 9 - 2

Aphasia, Volume 185 covers important advances in our understanding of how language is processed in the brain and how lesions or degeneration in the left hemisphere affect langua… Read more

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Aphasia, Volume 185 covers important advances in our understanding of how language is processed in the brain and how lesions or degeneration in the left hemisphere affect language processing. This new release reviews research regarding how language recovers from brain injury, along with new interventions developed to enhance recovery, including language rehabilitation, noninvasive brain stimulation and medications. Sections cover neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of language networks, focus on mechanisms of recovery (and decline) of language, and include chapters on intervention, including recently developed behavioral therapies, brain stimulation, medications, and a review of studies of treatment for both post-stroke aphasia and primary progressive aphasia.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series
Foreword
Preface
Contributors
Section 1: History and conceptual models of language and the brain
Chapter 1: History of aphasia: A broad overview
Abstract
Introduction
Early Mentions
Case Descriptions
Toward an Explanation
Localization of Speech Production
Localization of Language Comprehension
Diagrams
Grammatical Disorders
Against Localization
Assessment
Rehabilitation
Epilogue
Acknowledgments
Chapter 2: Broca-Wernicke theories: A historical perspective
Abstract
Introduction
Learning From History
The Era of Localization
Precursors of Broca: Gall, Bouillaud
Broca
Wernicke
Diagram Makers
Against the Localistic Language Models
Intraoperative Electric Stimulation Mapping
The Lesion-Deficit Approach Revisited
Functional Systems
Section 2: Neuroanatomy of speech and language
Chapter 3: Vascular syndromes: Revisiting classification of poststroke aphasia
Abstract
History of Localization and Classification: Contributions of Early Researchers
Vascular Territories
Vascular Syndromes
Recovery and Transition Over Time
Summary
Chapter 4: The dual stream model of speech and language processing
Abstract
The Wernicke-Lichtheim-Geschwind Model
Problems With the Classical Model
The Dual-Stream Organization of the Brain
Foundations of the Hickok-Poeppel Dual-Stream Model
The Hickok-Poeppel Dual-Stream Model
Taking Dual-Stream Parallels Seriously: Implications for the Study and Evolution of Language
Homologous Neurocomputational Architectures for Dorsal Stream Speech and Nonspeech Motor Control
The Model From the Perspective of Language Production and the Expressive-Receptive Asymmetry
Situating Syntax in the Model
Summary
Chapter 5: Types of motor speech impairments associated with neurologic diseases
Abstract
Introduction
A Detailed View of the Dysarthrias
Special Considerations Based on Mechanism of Injury
Assessment and Treatment Considerations
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Chapter 6: Clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of primary progressive aphasia
Abstract
Introduction
Semantic Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia
Nonfluent Primary Progressive Aphasia
Logopenic Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia
Chapter 7: The role of disrupted functional connectivity in aphasia
Abstract
Introduction
A Brief Connectivity Primer
Disrupted Functional Connectivity in Poststroke Aphasia (PSA)
Disrupted Functional Connectivity in Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA)
Methodologic Considerations and Current Limitations
Conclusions
Chapter 8: The role of disrupted structural connectivity in aphasia
Abstract
Contributions of Lesion Symptom Mapping
Caveats of Lesion Symptom Mapping
Measuring Structural Connectivity
Models of Language Processing Based on Brain Connections
Key Regions and Connections Associated With Language Function
Conclusions
Appendix: Resources for researchers
Section 3: Language recovery
Chapter 9: Functional MRI evidence for reorganization of language networks after stroke
Abstract
Introduction
fMRI in Neuroimaging Research
fMRI in Poststroke Aphasia
fMRI Evidence in Poststroke Treatment-Induced Language Recovery
Conclusions
Chapter 10: The contribution of positron emission tomography to the study of aphasia
Abstract
Introduction
FDG-PET
Amyloid PET
TAU-PET
Neuroinflammation PET
Conclusions
Chapter 11: Electrophysiologic evidence of reorganization in poststroke aphasia
Abstract
Introduction
Electrophysiologic Methods
Evidence From the Event-Related Potential
Evidence From Spectral Power Differences
Overall Summary
Chapter 12: Assessment of language impairment and function
Abstract
Purposes of Aphasia Assessment
LANGUAGE Checklist for Aphasia Assessment
Screening and Tracking Aphasia
Section 4: Language intervention
Chapter 13: Behavioral interventions for poststroke aphasia
Abstract
Behavioral Interventions for Poststroke Aphasia
The ICF and Aphasia
Linguistic Processes and Aphasia
Intervention Planning in Aphasia
Classifying Behavioral Interventions for Poststroke Aphasia
Alternate Models of Service Delivery for Aphasia
Conclusion
Chapter 14: Behavioral interventions for primary progressive aphasia
Abstract
Introduction
Clinical Assessment in PPA
Restitutive Interventions
Compensatory Interventions
Communication Partner Training
Technology-Mediated Intervention
Person-Centered Treatment
Additional Considerations
Chapter 15: Noninvasive brain stimulation to augment language therapy for poststroke aphasia
Abstract
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation for Neurorehabilitation in PostStroke Aphasia
Rationale for Administering NIBS to Treat PostStroke Aphasia
Language Processes Shown to Improve Following NIBS
Using NIBS to Enhance Outcomes of Behavioral Therapy
Current Limitations and Knowledge Gaps
Concluding Remarks
Chapter 16: Noninvasive brain stimulation to augment language therapy for primary progressive aphasia
Abstract
Introduction
Non-invasive Brain Stimulation
Augmenting Language Therapy With Neuromodulation in Primary Progressive Aphasia
Augmenting Untrained Tasks With Neuromodulation in Primary Progressive Aphasia
Predicting Response to Treatment With Noninvasive Brain Stimulation
Future Directions
Chapter 17: Better language through chemistry: Augmenting speech-language therapy with pharmacotherapy in the treatment of aphasia
Abstract
Introduction
Catecholamines
Glutamate and GABA
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Final Thoughts
Acknowledgment
Section 5: Recent advances
Chapter 18: Ethical considerations in the management of poststroke aphasia
Abstract
Introduction
Informed Consent: Competence and Decision-Making Capacity
Establishing DMC
Patient Autonomy and Quality of Life
Conclusions
Chapter 19: Genetics in aphasia recovery
Abstract
Introduction
Genetics of Aphasia Recovery
Genetics of Stroke Recovery
Conclusion
Chapter 20: Sign language aphasia
Abstract
Introduction
American Sign Language
Deaf Language
Neurobiology of Sign Language
Sign Language Aphasia
Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
Index

Argye Elizabeth Hillis

Dr. Argye Elizabeth Hillis is a Professor of Neurology, with joint faculty appointments in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and in Cognitive Science at Johns Hopkins University. Dr. Hillis serves as the Executive Vice Chair of the Department of Neurology, and Director of the Cerebrovascular Division of Neurology. Dr. Hillis is Deputy Editor of Stroke and Associate Editor of Aphasiology and has served as Co-Editor-in Chief of Behavioural Neurology, Associate Editor of Brain, Annals of Neurology, American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, Cognitive Neuropsychology, and Language and Cognitive Processes. She also currently serves on the editorial boards of Annals of Neurology and International Journal of Stroke. Dr. Hillis was the 2003 recipient of the Derek Denny Brown Neurological Scholar Award from the American Neurological Association and the Norman Geschwind Award in Behavioral Neurology from the American Academy of Neurology. Her current research is supported by the National Institutes of Health (NINDS and NIDCD). She is on the Board of Directors of the World Stroke Organization. Dr. Hillis' current research combines longitudinal task-related and task-free functional imaging and structural imaging from the acute stage of stroke through the first year of recovery, with detailed cognitive and language assessments to improve our understanding how language and other cognitive and emotional functions recover after stroke. She is investigating the most effective timing of neuromodulatory treatments, such as transcranial direct current stimulation and medications, to augment behavioral therapies after stroke. Her other avenue of research involves novel treatment studies and longitudinal imaging and language studies of Primary Progressive Aphasia. (PPA). She is currently studying three forms of treatment of PPA: language therapy and transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (in studies funded by NIDCD) and neurofeedback with aphasia therapy.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Neurology, with joint faculty appointments in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and in Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, USA

Julius Fridriksson

Dr. Fridriksson is a Professor and Interim Vice President for Research, University of South Carolina. He research focuses on the rehabilitation of aphasia and the neurobiology of speech and language processing. Dr. Fridriksson has a long history of external research funding (exceeding $40M), primarily from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). He also leads UofSC’s Center for the Study of Aphasia Recovery with collaborators at Johns Hopkins, the University of California-Irvine, and Emory University. A USC Health Science Distinguished Professor and Co-Director of the McCausland Center for Brain Imaging since 2012, Dr. Fridriksson’s prior teaching experience includes various UofSC professorial positions of increasing responsibility, 2001-2021; and Research Fellow, University of Arizona, 1998-2001. Dr. Fridriksson earned his Ph.D. in Speech and Hearing Sciences from the University of Arizona and both his M.A. in Speech-Language Pathology and B.A. in Communicative Disorders from University of Central Florida.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor and Interim Vice President for Research, Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States