Analytical Methods for Organic Cyano Groups

1st Edition - January 1, 1971
Author: M. R. F. Ashworth
Editors: R. Belcher, D. M. W. Anderson
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 7 8 6 1 - 2

Monographs in Organic Functional Group Analysis, Volume 6: Analytical Methods for Organic Cyano Groups describes both qualitative and quantitative analytical methods for analysis… Read more

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Monographs in Organic Functional Group Analysis, Volume 6: Analytical Methods for Organic Cyano Groups describes both qualitative and quantitative analytical methods for analysis of various organic cyano groups. This book is organized into two parts encompassing 12 chapters. Part A presents some chemical methods, which are classified according to the reaction undergone by the compound being detected, identified or determined. This part specifically covers reactions of addition to the cyano group; of other groups activated and unaffected by the cyano group; degradation reactions; and other chemical reactions. Part B highlights pure physical methods, including polarographic procedures, spectroscopic, spectrophotometric, chromatographic, and ion exchange methods, as well as azeotropic distillation. This book will be of value to organic and analytical chemists, as well as to and organic and analytical chemistry teachers, students, and researchers.

Preface

Chapter 1. Introduction

References

Part A. Chemical methods

General Introduction

Chapter 2. Reactions of (Addition to) the Cyano Group

Introduction

1. Reduction: —CN—CH2—NH2

2. Hydrolysis

3. Addition of Hydrogen Sulphide

4. Addition of Alcohols

5. Addition of Ammonia

6. Addition of Hydroxylamine

7. Addition of Hydrazine

8. Addition of Mercaptans

9. Addition of Polyphenols

10. Addition of Grignard Reagent

11. Preparation of N-(2-Chloroalkyl) amides

12. Formation of Metal Complexes

References

Chapter 3. Reactions of Groups Activated by the Cyano Group

Introduction

1. a,β-Unsaturated Nitriles

2. Compounds Containing the —CH2CN or =CHCN Group

3. Compounds Containing the -NH- or NH2 Group Attached to -CN

References

Chapter 4. Reactions of Groups Sensibly Unaffected by the Cyano Group

1. Higher Aliphatic Nitriles

2. β,y-Unsaturated Nitriles

3. Aromatic Groups in Nitriles

4. Halogen Atoms in Trichloroacetonitrile

5. Azo Group in Azobisisobutyronitrile

6. Hydrazo Group in 2,2'-Hydrazobisisobutyronitrile

7. Ester Group in Nitriles

8. Amino Groups (not Directly Linked to a Cyano Group)

9. Amidino or Guanidino Group in Dicyanodiamide

10. Cobalt in Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)

11. 5,6-Dimethylbenzimidazole in Vitamin B12

References

Chapter 5. Degradation Reactions During Which the Cyano Group Remains Intact

Introduction

1. Pyrolysis without Added Reagent

2. Pyrolysis in Presence of Oxidising Agents

3. Pyrolysis in Presence of a Base

4. Reductive Fission of TV-cyano Compounds

5. Hydrolytic Fission of Cyanohydrins

6. Formation of Bromine Cyanide, BrCN

7. Elimination of the Cyano Group in the Analytical Methods for Ethyl Dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate (Tabun)

8. Elimination of the Cyano Group as Hydrocyanic Acid in Determination of Vitamin B12

9. Formation of Thiocyanic Acid by Reaction with Sulphur

References

Chapter 6. Degradation Reactions Involving Destruction of the Cyano Group

References

Chapter 7. Miscellaneous Chemical Methods

References

Part B. Physical Methods

General Introduction

Chapter 8. Spectroscopic and Spectrophotometric Methods

1. Infrared

2. Ultraviolet and Visible

3. Mass Spectrometry

4. Flame Spectroscopy

5. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

References

Chapter 9. Chromatographic Methods

1. Gas Chromatography

2. Other Chromatographic Methods, Principally PC and TLC

References

Chapter 10. Ion Exchange

References

Chapter 11. Polarography

References

Chapter 12. Azeotropic Distillation

References

Author Index

Subject Index