An Introduction to Coal Technology

1st Edition - July 28, 1979
Author: N. Berkowitz
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 3 8 3 8 - 3

An Introduction to Coal Technology provides an overview explaining what coal is, how it came into being, what its principal physical and chemical properties are, and how it is… Read more

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An Introduction to Coal Technology provides an overview explaining what coal is, how it came into being, what its principal physical and chemical properties are, and how it is handled or processed for particular end uses. This book is divided into two parts; the first of which focuses on coal science and the second on technology. This volume is organized into 15 chapters and begins with a brief account of the origin, formation, and distribution of coal, along with its composition, classification, and most important properties. It then turns to beneficiation and handling; combustion; and various partial or complete conversion technologies. The final chapter deals with some aspects of pollution and pollution control. This book provides fairly detailed discussions on coal chemistry, including the molecular structure of coal. The challenges and limitations of coal technology are also considered. This book is intended for scientists and engineers who are active in other fields, but who might want to bring coal within the orbit of their interests, and to advanced students of chemical and mineral engineering who are contemplating careers in coal-related endeavors.

Preface

Acknowledgments

Part I Origins, Formation, and Properties of Coal

Chapter 1 Origins and Formation

1.1 Diagenesis and Metamorphism

1.2 The Coal "Series"

1.3 Major Coal-Forming Epochs

1.4 The Distribution of Coal

Notes

References

Chapter 2 Compositions

2.1 Physical Composition

2.2 Chemical Composition

2.3 Relationship among Age, Location, and Rank of Coal

2.4 Mineral Matter in Coal

Notes

References

Chapter 3 Classification

3.1 Humic and Sapropelic Coals

3.2 Classification Parameters

3.3 Classification Systems

Notes

References

Chapter 4 Physical Properties

4.1 Porosity and Pore Structure

4.2 Density

4.3 Electrical Conductivity

4.4 Specific Heats, Thermal Conductivity, and Thermal Expansion

4.5 Elasticity, Hardness, and Strength

Notes

References

Chapter 5 Chemical Properties

5.1 Oxidation with Air or Oxygen

5.2 Oxidation with Liquid Oxidants

5.3 Oxidative Ammoniation ("Ammoxidation")

5.4 Halogenation

5.5 Hydrogenation

5.6 Depolymerization, Alkylation, and Related Reactions

5.7 The Chemical Structure of Coal

Notes

References

Chapter 6 Behavior at Elevated Temperatures: Decomposition and Carbonization

6.1 The Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition

6.2 Liquid and Gaseous Products of Thermal Decomposition

6.3 The Plastic Properties of Coal

6.4 Solid Products of Thermal Decomposition

Notes

References

Chapter 7 The Action of Solvents on Coal

7.1 Specific and Nonspecific Solvents

7.2 Extract Yields

7.3 The Composition of Coal Extracts

7.4 Solvolysis

Notes

References

Part II Upgrading, Handling, and Processing of Coal

Chapter 8 Beneficiation: Cleaning, Drying, and Briquetting

8.1 Cleaning

8.2 Drying

8.3 Briquetting

Notes

References

Chapter 9 Transportation and Storage

9.1 Transportation

9.2 Quality Deterioration and Autogenous Heating

9.3 Storage Methods

Notes

References

Chapter 10 Combustion

10.1 The Chemistry of Combustion

10.2 Combustion Modes

10.3 Fixed-Bed Combustion

10.4 Suspension Firing

10.5 Combustion in Fluidized Beds

10.6 Magnetohydrodynamic Generation of Electricity

10.7 Effects of Coal Ash in Combustion Processes

Notes

References

Chapter 11 Carbonization

11.1 Low-Temperature Carbonization

11.2 High-Temperature Carbonization

11.3 Coal Tar Processing

11.4 Flash Pyrolysis

11.5 Plasma Pyrolysis

11.6 Formed Coke

Notes

References

Chapter 12 Gasification

12.1 Gasification Reactions

12.2 Early and Current Commercial Gasifiers

12.3 Second-Generation Gasifiers

12.4 Catalyzed Gasification

12.5 Gas Shifting

12.6 Gas Purification

12.7 Carbon Monoxide-Hydrogen Reactions

12.8 Hydrocarbon Synthesis from Carbon Monoxide and Steam

12.9 Underground (In-Situ) Gasification

Notes

References

Chapter 13 Liquefaction

13.1 Bergius Hydrogenation

13.2 "Second-Generation" Liquefaction Processes

Notes

References

Chapter 14 Solvent Extraction

14.1 Pott-Broche and Related Extraction Processes

14.2 Solvent Refining of Coal

14.3 Supercritical Gas Extraction

References

Chapter 15 Environmental Aspects of Coal Utilization

15.1 The Nature of Coal Pollutants

15.2 Pollution Abatement Technologies

Notes

References

Index