An Integration of Phycoremediation Processes in Wastewater Treatment

1st Edition - August 27, 2021
Editors: Maulin P. Shah, Susana Rodriguez-Couto, Celia Bertha Vargas De La Cruz, Jayanta Kumar Biswas
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 4 9 9 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 6 3 1 - 4

An Integration of Phycoremediation Processes in Wastewater Treatment reviews the potential of microalgae to treat wastewater containing highly recalcitrant compounds whose degrad… Read more

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An Integration of Phycoremediation Processes in Wastewater Treatment reviews the potential of microalgae to treat wastewater containing highly recalcitrant compounds whose degradation is not achieved by the conventional existing treatments. In addition, the book describes how the microalgae collected after wastewater treatment can be used for obtaining added-value products, hence closing the loop and contributing to a circular economy. Finally, the technoeconomical aspects of this green technology are addressed, along with the design and development of photobioreactors, genetic aspects, metagenomics and metabolomics.

Cover Image
Title Page
Copyright
Table of Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1 Lipid extraction and biodiesel production from microalgae: Recent advances
Abstract
Introduction
Microalgal biomass to lipid
Recent advancement to conventional lipid extraction approach
Microalgal lipid to biodiesel
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 2 Algal biomass production coupled to wastewater treatment
Abstract
Introduction
Wastewater: the necessary evil
Biological and biochemical methods
Wastewater resources recovery through phycoremediation
Integrated biomass cultivation and wastewater treatment
Cultivation strategies of microalgae for wastewater treatment
Current commercial scale in wastewater treatment systems using suspended free cells of microalgae
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 3 Bioprospecting of novel algal species with nanobiotechnology
Abstract
Introduction
Phycogenic nanoparticles
Gold nanoparticles
Silver nanoparticles
Cadmium nanoparticles
Copper nanoparticles
Iron nanoparticles
Palladium nanoparticles
Platinum nanoparticles
Zinc oxide nanoparticles
Mechanism
Applications
Sensor
Metal removal
Conclusions and future perspectives
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 4 Role of microalgae in degradation of pharmaceutical compounds from water
Abstract
Introduction
Pharmaceutical compounds
Pharmaceuticals usage and consumption pattern
Occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in water
Ecological and environmental risks of pharmaceutical contaminants
Analytical processes for the assessment of pharmaceutical contaminants in water
Strategies to remove pharmaceutical contaminants from water
Physical methods
Chemical methods
Biological methods
Removal of pharmaceutical contaminants by microalgae
Mechanism of removal by microalgae
Algal treatment systems
Factors that influence the degradation of pharmaceutical contaminants by microalgae
Integrated approaches for removal of pharmaceutical contaminants from water (future prospects)
Novel technologies for enhanced biodegradation of pharmaceutical contaminants by microalgae
Genetically engineered algal based reclamation technologies
Conclusion
Suggested guidelines for regulating pharmaceutical contamination in water
References
Chapter 5 Algae mediated technologies in biotreatment of phenolic wastewaters
Abstract
Introduction
Phenol as a pollutant: Environmental release and phenol pollution in aquatic and soil ecosystems
Ecological toxicity of phenol
Treatment of phenol pollution
Microalgal wastewater treatment: Future of sustainable wastewater treatment
Algal remediation of phenolics
Mechanism of algal phenol metabolism
Application of phycoremediation to real phenolic wastewater
Conclusion and future perspectives
Acknowledgements
Competing interests
References
Chapter 6 Microalgae: A potential tool for wastewater treatment and its biotechnological applications
Abstract
Introduction
Microalgae a potential tool for wastewater treatment
Algae technology
Factors affecting the growth of microalgae
Biotechnological applications of microalgae
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7 Trends in photobioreactor technology for microalgal biomass production along with wastewater treatment: Bottlenecks and breakthroughs
Abstract
Introduction
Wastewater treatment processes
Modes of nutrition in algae and their relative efficiency in wastewater treatment plant
Removal of contaminants by microalgae
Types of photobioreactors
Photobioreactor operational parameters for wastewater treatment and scope for improvements
Design consideration of photobioreactor
Heavy metal removal from wastewater
Alternative culture and treatments
Utilization of harvested algal biomass in biogas production
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8 Algae: The high potential resource for biofuel production
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusion
References
Chapter 9 Bioactive compounds from microalgae cultivated in wastewaters
Abstract
Introduction
Bioactive substances produced by microalgae
Culture conditions
Production of valuable compounds coupled to wastewater treatment
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10 Wastewater treatment coupled to algal biomass production
Abstract
Introduction
Nutrient availability
Wastewater as a substrate for microalgae
Inhibitors present in wastewater
Photobioreactors for wastewater treatment using microalgae
Microalgal species for wastewater treatment: Robust strains and consortia
Biomass valorization: End use of the produced biomass, prospects, and challenges
Conclusions
References
Chapter 11 Microbial communities: An effective tool for cleaning environment
Abstract
Introduction
Microbial interactions
Processes involved in bioremediation
Bioremediation of pollutants
Coexistence of microorganisms within the microbial communities
Integrated strategies
Conclusions and future aspects
Abbreviations:
References
Chapter 12 An overview of various algal biomolecules and its applications
Abstract
Introduction
Value-added products
Potential applications of microalgae
Wastewater treatment
Bioremediation of heavy metals
Conclusion
References
Chapter 13 Use of bioprospecting approach to reveal the potential of various algal species for value added compounds
Abstract
Introduction
Algae as a source of value-added compounds
Algal bioprospecting practices in India
Future outlook
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 14 Integration of wastewater treatment with algal cultivation for the production of biofuel and bioenergy
Abstract
Introduction
Algal cultivation
Microalgal cultivation system for wastewater treatment
Conventional algal biomass harvesting methods
Microalgae mediated wastewater treatment
Global initiative and future perspectives
Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 15 An innovative role of bioactive compounds from microalgae
Abstract
Introduction
Current scenario of microalgal bioactive compounds with respect to:
Conclusion and future prospect
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 16 Bioactive compounds from microalgae
Abstract
Introduction
Uses of microalgae
Selection, isolation, and cultivation of microalgae
Mode of cultivation
Green product from microalgae
Bioactive component produced by microalgae
Secondary metabolite and their commercial potential
Microalgae as potential alternate to health supplement for humans
Antibiotic activity of microalgae
Conclusion
References
Chapter 17 Algal biofuels
Abstract
Introduction
Algal biofuel production
Optimum growth conditions for algae
Microalgae cultivation techniques
Microalgae harvesting technique
Techniques for conversion of biomass to biofuel
Biofuels from algae
Challenges and future prospects of algal biofuels
Conclusion
References
Chapter 18 Genetic engineered algae: Recent developments and the promising engender for wastewater treatment
Abstract
Introduction
Historical view of algae as resources
Major composites of wastewater
Microalgae and wastewater treatment
Transgenic basis of algae
Major challenges in the implementation of algae base waste treatment system
The current scenario in wastewater treatment by the modified algal-based system
Algae-based wastewater treatment by (photo) bioreactor systems
Genetic modification of algae to enhance wastewater treatment
Limitations in the field of genetically engineered algae
Conclusion and future prospective
References
Chapter 19 Waste gas and wastewater into biodiesel: Closing the loop on the circular energy economy
Abstract
Introduction
Overview of phycovalorisation/phycoremediation of waste gases
General
The impact of carbon dioxide as an inorganic carbon source
NOx in flue gas
SOx in flue gas
Gas temperature
Micropollutants (heavy metals)
Light effect on photosynthesis
Introducing gas into the culture and other forms of inorganic carbon
Overview of phycovalorisation/phycoremediation of organic wastewater
General
Nutrient profiles and nutrients
Environmental parameters
Light and CO2
Temperature
Other microorganisms
Transport parameters and reactor selection
Mixed cultivation (waste gas and wastewater) with kinetics and reactor selection
Impact of parameters in mixed cultivation
Light
Temperature
Refractory metals
pH, interaction of components, and composition of the growth media
Kinetics and reactor selection
Kinetics
Photobioreactor selection
Scaling up
Conclusion
References
Chapter 20 Agriculture waste bioremediation with algae and potential for methane production
Abstract
Introduction
Algae, nutritional requirements, and growth
Taxonomic groups and characteristics
Algal growth in agricultural waste
Anaerobic digestion of algae
Codigestion of algae with agricultural waste examples and applications (Bruhn et al., 2011; Monlau et al., 2014)
Relationship between algae and methanogenic bacteria
On anaerobic digestion
Downstream processing
Costs associated with algae use for biofuel production
New Zealand context
Limitations and future research
References
Chapter 21 Microalgae: Classification, bioactives, medicinal properties, industrial applications, and future prospectives
Abstract
Introduction
Botanical desrciption of microalgae
Brief classification of microalgae
Commercially important microalgae
Bioactive compounds in microalgae
Health effects and disease management
Antiinflammatory activity
Antioxidant activity
Anticancer activity
Antimicrobial potential
Neuroprotective activity
Antiobesity and antidiabetic potential
Cosmeceuticals properties
Toxic compounds from microalgae
Role of microalgae in bioremediation
Industrial applications of microalgae
Biofertilizers
Biofuels
Future prospectives
References
Chapter 22 Genetic engineering of algae
Abstract
Introduction
Historical perspective
Genetic engineering tools used to obtain to transgenic algae
Nuclear versus chloroplast expression
Applications of genetically engineered algae
Recent advances in genetic engineering of algae
Conclusions and future prospects
Acknowledgements
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 23 Bioactive compounds from microalgae
Abstract
Introduction
Biochemical constituents of microalgae
Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Carotenoids and chlorophylls
Phenolics
Terpenoids
Alkaloids
Other bioactive compounds
Extraction of microalgal secondary compounds
Solvent extraction
Enzyme-assisted extraction
Supercritical fluid extraction
Pressurized liquid extraction
Ultrasound-assisted extraction
Microwave-assisted extraction
Subcritical water extraction
Screening of microalgae metabolites for bioactivity
Antioxidant activity
Antimicrobial assays
Antiinflammatory activity
Antitumor activity
Immunomodulatory activity
Pharmaceutical and industrial uses of bioactive compounds
References
Chapter 24 Win-win wastewater phycoremediation: Coupled carbon sequestration and heavy metal removal
Abstract
Introduction
Microalgal diversity in wastewater
Carbon sequestration by algae
Heavy metal removal by algae from wastewater
Potential role of microalgae in coupled phycoremediation of heavy metals and carbon sequestration
Conclusion
References
Index

Maulin P. Shah

Dr. Maulin P. Shah is Chief Scientist and Head of the Industrial Waste Water Research Lab, Division of Applied and Environmental Microbiology Lab at Enviro Technology Ltd., Ankleshwar, Gujarat, India. His work focuses on the impact of industrial pollution on the microbial diversity of wastewater following cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent analysis. His major work involves isolation, screening, identification, and genetically engineering high-impact microbes for the degradation of hazardous materials. His research interests include biological wastewater treatment, environmental microbiology, biodegradation, bioremediation, and phytoremediation of environmental pollutants from industrial wastewaters.

Affiliations and expertise

Chief Scientist and Head, Industrial Waste Water Research Lab, Division of Applied and Environmental Microbiology Lab at Enviro Technology Ltd., Ankleshwar, Gujarat, India

Susana Rodriguez-Couto

Susana Rodríguez-Couto (female) got her B.Sc. and M.Sc. in Chemistry (Industrial Chemistry) from the University of Santiago de Compostela in 1992 and her Ph.D. in Chemistry in 1999 from the University of Vigo, obtaining the maximal grade (magna cum laude) and, in addition, she was awarded with the Extraordinary Prize for Doctoral Thesis in Chemistry. She worked as an Associate Professor and an Isidro Parga Pondal Senior Researcher at the University of Vigo (2000-2004), as a Ramón y Cajal Senior Researcher at Rovira i Virgili University (2004-2008) and as an Ikerbasque Research Professor (2009-2019). She has also worked as an Invited Researcher at the Institute from Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology (Austria) and at the Department of Biological Engineering, University of Minho (Portugal). In 2008, she received the I3 Professor from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education to the recognition of an outstanding research activity. In March 2021 she is joining LUT School of Engineering Science at Mikkeli, Finland, as a Full Professor in biological water treatment. She has published more than 140 articles in highly reputed international journals (h index 42). She is editor of several journals (3Biotech, Frontiers) and 14 Elsevier books.

Affiliations and expertise

Full Professor (Biological Water Treatment), Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Finland

Celia Bertha Vargas De La Cruz

Celia Bertha Vargas de la Cruz. She is Assistant Professor of Biotechnology and microbiology at San Marcos University Lima-Perú. Her experience in biotechnology, applying omics has allowed to use living organisms for the removal of toxic pollutants form liquid and hazardous waste. She is handling various projects on waste water treatment, biofiltration, environmental sustainability.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor of Biotechnology, Microbiological Food Safety and Distinguished Scientist, Faculty Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú

Jayanta Kumar Biswas

Prof. (Dr.) Jayanta Kumar Biswas is a Professor at Department of Ecological Studies and International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India. He obtained M.Sc. in Zoology, M.Phil. in Ecology and Ph.D. for his work on Eco technological management of aquatic systems. His spectrum of research interest and expertise span the following focal areas: ecotoxicology and bioremediation of toxic metal(loid)s; ecological engineering and eco technological remediation of water and soil contaminants; environmental microbiology; Nano biotechnology; dynamics of nutrients and toxic contaminants in water and soil; bio regenerative reclamation of wastewater. A consistent rank holder all through his academic career Professor Biswas received many scholarships, awards and fellowships including Fellow, West Bengal Academy of Science and Technology (FAScT), Fellow, National Environmentalists Association (FNEA), Zoological Society of India (FZSI), Zoological Society, Kolkata (FZS), Senior Scientist Award & Gold Medal (ZSI), Best Research Paper Award (AESA), Outstanding Reviewer Award (Chemosphere (Elsevier) & Environmental Geochemistry and Health (Springer); SRF (ICAR); National Merit Scholarship (MHRD, GoI), etc. He is credited with publishing 130 research papers in international and national journals. He is serving as editorial board member of several international journals of repute, namely Science of the Total Environment (Elsevier); Environmental Geochemistry and Health (Springer); Current Pollution Reports (Springer); Energy & Environment (SAGE). He visited several countries with government travel fellowships, to present research papers and chair scientific sessions in International conferences.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Ecological Studies, International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India