An Innovative Role of Biofiltration in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs)

1st Edition - December 1, 2021
Editors: Maulin P. Shah, Susana Rodriguez-Couto, Jayanta Kumar Biswas
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 9 4 6 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 9 4 7 - 6

Many physico-chemical and operational factors influence the performance, treatment costs and long-term stability of biofilters for the treatment of wastewater. An Innovative Ro… Read more

An Innovative Role of Biofiltration in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs)

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Many physico-chemical and operational factors influence the performance, treatment costs and long-term stability of biofilters for the treatment of wastewater. An Innovative Role of Biofiltration in Wastewater Treatment Plants focuses on identifying the factors that affect biofiltration, such as the hydraulic retention time of the biofiltration system, the type and characteristics of the filter and the attached biomass, explains their influence and provides guidelines on how to control these factors to optimize better operation with respect to pollutant control present in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The fundamental basis of treatment in biofilters is the action of pollutant-degrading microorganisms and consequently the book also discusses in depth about the microbial ecology of biofiltration. In addition, it explores the applications of biofiltration including the removal of emerging pollutants.

Cover Image
Title Page
Copyright
Table of Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1 Importance of biofilters in heavy metal removal: Fundamental to recent advances
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Biological methods for removal of heavy metals
1.3 Maximum contaminant limit
1.4 Biofiltration
1.5 Biofiltration process
1.6 Operational issues
1.7 Future development
1.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 Biofiltration treatment of wastewater through microbial ecology
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Microbes involved in biofilters
2.3 Significance of biofilms development
2.4 Factors affecting the biofilms formation
2.5 Role of biofilters in water and wastewater treatment
2.6 Process and mechanism of biofiltration
2.7 Characteristics of filter media used in biofiltration
2.8 Types of biofilters
2.9 Factor affecting the efficiency of biofiltration
2.10 Advantages of biofiltration
2.11 Molecular techniques for characterizing bacterial communities in biofilters
2.12 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 Removal of volatile organic compounds and heavy metals through the biological-based process
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Removal methods for volatile organic compounds
3.3 Removal methods for heavy metals
3.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
Conflict of interest statement
Author contributions
References
Chapter 4 Arsenic removing prokaryotes as potential biofilters
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Arsenic toxicity
4.3 Prokaryotic biofilters
4.4 Mechanism of arsenic resistance and arsenic metabolism
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 5 Vermifilter: A biofilter with earthworms for wastewater treatment
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Wastewater treatment–the probable solution
5.3 Nature-based solutions for wastewater treatment
5.4 Vermifiltration technology
5.5 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 6 Recent trends and future perspectives in applications of biofiltration
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 General mechanism of biofiltration as an abatement technology
6.3 Wastewater treatment through biofiltration
6.4 Gaseous pollutant removal through biofiltration
6.5 Bio-based methods
6.6 Removal of heavy metals from wastewater
6.7 Biological-based methods for the removal of VOCs and heavy metals
6.8 Application of biofiltration in industrial processes
6.9 Advantages and disadvantages of biofiltration
6.10 Upcoming paradigm in biofiltration
References
Chapter 7 Biofiltration techniques in the remediation of hazardous inorganic and organic contaminants
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Biofiltration process
7.3 Inorganic heavy metals and environmental contamination
7.4 Characteristics of different heavy metals
7.5 Volatile organic compounds contamination in the environment
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 8 Recent advances on the treatment of domestic wastewater by biological aerated filter
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Factors influencing the BAF performance
8.3 Environmental applications of BAF
8.4 BAF for domestic wastewater treatment
8.5 Future prospects
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 9 Biofiltration in wastewater treatment plants: An overview
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Biofiltration system
9.3 Mechanism of biofiltration
9.4 Types of biofiltration systems
9.5 Application of biofiltration systems
9.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10 Insights on broad spectrum applications and pertinence of biofiltration in various fields
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Historical perspective of biofilters
10.3 Biofiltration: A promising and economical process over other methods of pollution control
10.4 Process fundamentals and operation parameters of biofiltration
10.5 Role of microorganisms and fungal growth in biofiltration
10.6 Design of biofilters and operational features
10.7 Online monitoring of process by intelligent control
10.8 Successful application of biofiltration
10.9 Emerging biofiltration techniques
10.10 Challenges in biofiltration processes
10.11 Future perspective with focus on novel applications
10.12 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11 Effective utilization of biofiltration techniques for removal of pathogenic microorganisms from waste water treatment plants
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Microbial community diversity and composition in wastewater
11.3 Negative impact of waterborne pathogens on human
11.4 Waste water treatment
11.5 Conclusion and future aspects
References
Chapter 12 Research and implementations of biofiltration for sustainable water treatment
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Basics of biofiltration processes
12.3 Discussion on conventional and advanced biofiltration systems
12.4 Biofilter design considerations
12.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13 Microbial ecology of biofiltration
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Difference between mechanical filter and biofilter
13.3 Types of biofilter support media
13.4 Role of microorganisms in the treatment of wastewater
13.5 Aerobic bacteria
13.6 Anaerobic bacteria
13.7 Facultative bacteria
13.8 Suspended or dispersed and attached biomass growth
13.9 Mechanism: Fundamentals of biological process
13.10 Factors affecting biofiltration
13.11 Filter backwash
13.12 Presence of oxidants
13.13 Biofilter models
13.14 Biofilter state variables parameters and their measurement
13.15 Natural and constructed wetlands
13.16 Slow sand filter
13.17 Examples of removal of different waste material by biofiltration
13.18 Removal mechanism of H2S
13.19 Performance of biofilter
13.20 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14 Trends in biofiltration applied to remove pharmaceuticals and personal care products from wastewater
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in wastewater
14.3 Biofilters structures in wastewater treatment
14.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15 Removal of volatile organic carbon and heavy metols through microbial approach
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Biological treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
15.3 Removal of heavy metals using biological processes
15.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16 Pollutants removal from textile wastewater by biofilter
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 History of biofiltration
16.3 Characteristics of textile wastewater
16.4 Types of biofilters used for textile wastewater
16.5 Mechanism of biofiltration
16.6 Different media for biofiltration of textile wastewater
16.7 Comparison of different filters for wastewater treatment
16.8 Application of biofilters for color removal from textile wastewater
16.9 Application of biofilters for VOCs removal from textile wastewater
16.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 17 Biological based methods for the removal of volatile organic compounds and heavy metals
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Volatile organic compounds: source, chemical property and toxicity
17.3 Heavy metals: sources, chemical property and toxicity
17.4 Biological techniques used for VOCs removal
17.5 Biological techniques used for heavy metal removal
17.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 18 Recent development in membrane biofilm reactor (MBf R): A critical review
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 MBf R configuration
18.3 Advantages of MBf Rs
18.4 Design
18.5 Operation and maintenance
18.6 Types of MBf Rs
18.7 Application of MBfRs
18.8 Major challenges
18.9 Future research
18.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 19 A critical review on biofiltration for wastewater treatment: Focus on organic micropollutants
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Wastewater treatment by biofiltration
19.3 Removal of organic micropollutans from treated effluents by biofiltration
19.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 20 Biofiltration: A modern technology for wastewater treatment
Abstract
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Biofilter and biofiltration mechanism
20.3 Factors affecting the process performance of biofiltration
20.4 General biofilter problems
20.5 Applications of biofiltration process
20.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 21 Role of biofiltration in the treatment of sewage
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Biofilter
21.3 Throughput filtration
21.4 Interfacial filtration
21.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 22 Occurrence and biological removal of VOCs and organic micropollutants
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 VOCs in wastewater—types, origin, health effects
22.3 Micropollutants in wastewater
22.4 Removal of VOCs and other micropollutants
22.5 Microbiological methods of liquid phase purification
22.6 Microbiological methods of gas phase purification
22.7 Phytoremediation
22.8 Hybrid treatment methods
References
Chapter 23 Biofiltration: An emerging and promising technology for the treatment of water and air pollutants
Abstract
23.1 Introduction
23.2 History of biofilter
23.3 Biofiltration process
23.4 Designing of a biofilter
23.5 Applications of biofiltration process
23.6 Biofiltration vs. other existing technologies
23.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 24 Biofiltration as a green technology for abatement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs): A synoptic review
Abstract
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Mechanism of biofiltration
24.3 Design of a biofilter
24.4 Types of biofiltration process
24.5 Operating factors in a biofilter
24.6 Merits and demerits of biofiltration in treating VOCs
24.7 Research gaps and future prospects
24.8 Conclusion
References
Index

Maulin P. Shah

Dr. Maulin P. Shah is Chief Scientist and Head of the Industrial Waste Water Research Lab, Division of Applied and Environmental Microbiology Lab at Enviro Technology Ltd., Ankleshwar, Gujarat, India. His work focuses on the impact of industrial pollution on the microbial diversity of wastewater following cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent analysis. His major work involves isolation, screening, identification, and genetically engineering high-impact microbes for the degradation of hazardous materials. His research interests include biological wastewater treatment, environmental microbiology, biodegradation, bioremediation, and phytoremediation of environmental pollutants from industrial wastewaters.

Affiliations and expertise

Chief Scientist and Head, Industrial Waste Water Research Lab, Division of Applied and Environmental Microbiology Lab at Enviro Technology Ltd., Ankleshwar, Gujarat, India

Susana Rodriguez-Couto

Susana Rodríguez-Couto (female) got her B.Sc. and M.Sc. in Chemistry (Industrial Chemistry) from the University of Santiago de Compostela in 1992 and her Ph.D. in Chemistry in 1999 from the University of Vigo, obtaining the maximal grade (magna cum laude) and, in addition, she was awarded with the Extraordinary Prize for Doctoral Thesis in Chemistry. She worked as an Associate Professor and an Isidro Parga Pondal Senior Researcher at the University of Vigo (2000-2004), as a Ramón y Cajal Senior Researcher at Rovira i Virgili University (2004-2008) and as an Ikerbasque Research Professor (2009-2019). She has also worked as an Invited Researcher at the Institute from Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology (Austria) and at the Department of Biological Engineering, University of Minho (Portugal). In 2008, she received the I3 Professor from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education to the recognition of an outstanding research activity. In March 2021 she is joining LUT School of Engineering Science at Mikkeli, Finland, as a Full Professor in biological water treatment. She has published more than 140 articles in highly reputed international journals (h index 42). She is editor of several journals (3Biotech, Frontiers) and 14 Elsevier books.

Affiliations and expertise

Full Professor (Biological Water Treatment), Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Finland

Jayanta Kumar Biswas

Prof. (Dr.) Jayanta Kumar Biswas is a Professor at Department of Ecological Studies and International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India. He obtained M.Sc. in Zoology, M.Phil. in Ecology and Ph.D. for his work on Eco technological management of aquatic systems. His spectrum of research interest and expertise span the following focal areas: ecotoxicology and bioremediation of toxic metal(loid)s; ecological engineering and eco technological remediation of water and soil contaminants; environmental microbiology; Nano biotechnology; dynamics of nutrients and toxic contaminants in water and soil; bio regenerative reclamation of wastewater. A consistent rank holder all through his academic career Professor Biswas received many scholarships, awards and fellowships including Fellow, West Bengal Academy of Science and Technology (FAScT), Fellow, National Environmentalists Association (FNEA), Zoological Society of India (FZSI), Zoological Society, Kolkata (FZS), Senior Scientist Award & Gold Medal (ZSI), Best Research Paper Award (AESA), Outstanding Reviewer Award (Chemosphere (Elsevier) & Environmental Geochemistry and Health (Springer); SRF (ICAR); National Merit Scholarship (MHRD, GoI), etc. He is credited with publishing 130 research papers in international and national journals. He is serving as editorial board member of several international journals of repute, namely Science of the Total Environment (Elsevier); Environmental Geochemistry and Health (Springer); Current Pollution Reports (Springer); Energy & Environment (SAGE). He visited several countries with government travel fellowships, to present research papers and chair scientific sessions in International conferences.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Ecological Studies, International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India