Advances in Phytoplankton Ecology

Applications of Emerging Technologies

1st Edition - December 8, 2021
Authors: Lesley Clementson, Ruth Eriksen, Anusuya Willis
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 8 6 1 - 6
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 0 2 9 - 9

Phytoplankton ecology has developed from an understanding of taxonomy, species dynamics and functional roles, and species interactions with the surrounding environment. New and… Read more

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Phytoplankton ecology has developed from an understanding of taxonomy, species dynamics and functional roles, and species interactions with the surrounding environment. New and emerging technologies enable a paradigm shift in the ways we monitor and understand phytoplankton in a range of environments. Advances in Phytoplankton Ecology: Applications of Emerging Technologies is a practical guide to these new technologies and explores their application with case studies to show how recent advances have changed our understanding of phytoplankton ecology.

Part one of this book explores how traditional taxonomy and species identification has changed, moving from morphological to molecular techniques. Part two explores the new technologies for remote and automatic monitoring and sensor technology and applications for management. Part three explores the explosion of omics techniques and their application in species identification, functional populations, trait characterization, interspecific interactions, and interaction with their environment.

This book is an invaluable guide for marine and freshwater ecology researchers to how new technologies can enhance our understanding of ecology.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
List of contributors
Acknowledgment
Introduction
Part 1: Phytoplankton taxonomy
Introduction
Chapter 1: Cyanobacterial diversity and taxonomic uncertainty: polyphasic pathways to improved resolution
Abstract
Introduction
Pathways from morphology to molecules
Conclusions and future challenges
References
Chapter 2: Uses of molecular taxonomy in identifying phytoplankton communities from the Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey
Abstract
2.1. The Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey across large time- and space scales
2.2. The challenge of using formalin-preserved CPR phytoplankton samples in molecular work
2.3. Case studies
2.4. The future of CPR sample archive repository as a tool for global ecological and taxonomic research
References
Chapter 3: Impact of molecular approaches on dinoflagellate taxonomy and systematics
Abstract
Acknowledgements
3.1. Molecular systematics and diversity of dinoflagellates: a historical perspective
3.2. Phase I: challenging existing evolutionary theories
3.3. Phase II: discovering widespread cryptic diversity
3.4. Phase III: increasing taxon and gene sampling
3.5. Phase IV: technology-accelerated diversity discovery
3.6. Future perspectives: where to from here?
3.7. Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: From molecules to ecosystem functioning: insight into new approaches to taxonomy to monitor harmful algae diversity in Chile
Abstract
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Classical taxonomy approach
4.3. Molecular approach
4.4. Chemotaxonomy
4.5. RTgill-W1 fish gill bioassay for ichthyotoxins detection
4.6. Imaging flow cytometry for detection of Harmful Algae
4.7. MicroToxMap: citizen science for the identification and monitoring of harmful algal blooms
4.8. Outlook/overview
References
Part 2: Monitoring and sensing systems
Introduction
Chapter 5: Integrating imaging and molecular approaches to assess phytoplankton diversity
Abstract
Introduction
Molecular approaches
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Advances in in situ molecular systems for phytoplankton research and monitoring
Abstract
Introduction
Current state of the art
Unmet needs and recommendations
References
Chapter 7: Applications of satellite remote sensing technology to the analysis of phytoplankton community structure on large scales
Abstract
7.1. Challenges of sensors and methods
7.2. Application of satellite-derived phytoplankton diversity for fulfilling user needs
7.3. Societal benefits of satellite PG and PSC products: integrating into services
References
Chapter 8: Modeling phytoplankton processes in multiple functional types
Abstract
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis
8.3. Impact of phytoplankton on ocean optics
8.4. Macronutrient uptake and stoichiometry
8.5. Micronutrients and silica
8.6. Nitrogen fixation, calcification, mixotrophy
8.7. Phytoplankton mortality
8.8. Summary of process descriptions
8.9. Marine applications
8.10. Summary
References
Chapter 9: Managing the societal uses of phytoplankton: technology applications and needs
Abstract
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Societal uses of phytoplankton and their management
9.3. Emerging technologies for management applications
9.4. Management applications and technology needs
9.5. Conclusions
References
Part 3: Omics in aquatic ecology
Introduction
Chapter 10: Current applications and technological advances in quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR): a versatile tool for the study of phytoplankton ecology
Abstract
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Method overview
Quantitative PCR applications in phytoplankton ecology
Reverse transcriptase qPCR (RT-qPCR)
Recent advances in qPCR technology
Building qPCR into community-based monitoring programs
References
Chapter 11: Phytoplankton diversity and ecology through the lens of high throughput sequencing technologies
Abstract
Acknowledgements
11.1. Introduction
11.2. The different steps of metabarcoding
11.3. Protist metabarcoding studies in aquatic environments
11.4. Marine picocyanobacteria
11.5. Future directions
Appendix 11.6. Supplementary material
References
Chapter 12: Comparative genomics for understanding intraspecific diversity: a case study of the cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis raciborskii
Abstract
Glossary
Introduction
Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: Transcriptomic and metatranscriptomic approaches in phytoplankton: insights and advances
Abstract
Acknowledgements
Introduction
How has transcriptomics changed our understanding of phytoplankton ecology?
Transcriptomics limitations and how to avoid them
Future prospects
References
Chapter 14: From genes to ecosystems: using molecular information from diatoms to understand ecological processes
Abstract
Introduction
Case study: silicon metabolism
Case study: cell death
Case study: environmental sensing and community-level interactions
Conclusion: challenges and prospects
References
Chapter 15: Global marine phytoplankton revealed by the Tara Oceans expedition
Abstract
Acknowledgements
Introduction
The Tara Oceans expedition and the holistic characterization of phytoplankton
Global diversity and biogeography patterns of phytoplankton
Phytoplankton in interactions
Conclusion
References
Index

Lesley Clementson

Lesley completed a MSc (Melbourne University) and began her career as a biological oceanographer, but in the early 1990s expanded to marine bio-optics and ocean color validation in preparation for the launch of the first routine ocean color satellite sensor – SeaWiFS. She has established the leading bio-optical laboratory in the Southern Hemisphere and one of the leading bio-optical laboratories globally. Through participation in the NASA sponsored SeaHARRE experiments, Lesley’s method for pigment analysis in marine samples was assessed as world class for over 10 years. Lesley works on numerous projects both nationally and internationally on a broad range of topics relating to phytoplankton ecology. She was awarded the Australian Marine Science Association’s National Technical Award in 2016 and was inducted to the Tasmanian Honour Roll for Women for contributions to science in 2017. Lesley, a Principal Research Scientist in CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, has been a Research Group Leader of the Coasts program and a team leader of the Algal Ecology and Resources team.

Affiliations and expertise

Research Group Leader, Algal Ecology and Resources, CSIRO O&A, Australia

Ruth Eriksen

Ruth completed a PhD (University of Tasmania) in ecotoxicology, integrating the role of trace metal speciation on copper toxicity in marine and estuarine species. Through this project, she discovered the microscopic world of phytoplankton, which has subsequently become a passion and major area of research. Ruth established Tasmania's first NATA accredited phytoplankton testing facility and helped develop monitoring and detection programs for the salmonid and shellfish industries, focusing on HAB species. In her role in CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere as a Research Biologist, she has completed several Antarctic voyages, focusing on lower trophic level interactions, biodiversity and biogeography. Major projects are on the IMOS National Reference Stations (NRS), the Australian Continuous Plankton Recorder (AusCPR) Survey, and the Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS). Ruth currently holds an adjunct position with the Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, is an affiliate of the Australian Antarctic Partnership Program and is a specialist visiting scientist with the Australian Antarctic Division.

Affiliations and expertise

Phytoplankton Biologist, CSIRO, Australia

Anusuya Willis

Anusuya obtained her PhD in 2009 from the University of Melbourne and the Université de Paris XI, jointly awarded under the French - Australian PhD Cotutelle program. During her PhD, Anusuya used innovative techniques to analyze the biochemistry and cell-adhesion of diatoms, through a combination of algal physiology and molecular biology techniques. Anusuya posts have included development of a diatom for a biofuels feedstock (Department of Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA) and investigation of genotypic and phenotypic variation of toxic cyanobacteria isolates (Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Australia).

Affiliations and expertise

Research Scientist, Australian National Algae Culture Collection, CSIRO, Australia