Acute Kidney Injury, An Issue of Critical Care Clinics

1st Edition, Volume 37-2 - March 25, 2021
Editors: John Kellum, Dana Fuhrman
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 7 6 1 6 8 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 7 6 1 6 9 - 7

This issue of Critical Care Clinics, guest edited by Drs. John Kellum and Dana Fuhrman, focuses on Acute Kidney Injury. This is one of four issues each year selected by the se… Read more

Acute Kidney Injury, An Issue of Critical Care Clinics

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This issue of Critical Care Clinics, guest edited by Drs. John Kellum and Dana Fuhrman, focuses on Acute Kidney Injury. This is one of four issues each year selected by the series consulting editor, Dr. John Kellum.　 Articles in this issue include, but are not limited to: Acute Kidney Injury and Disease, AKI in Cardiac Surgery, AKI in Sepsis, Hepatorenal Disease, Cardiorenal Syndrome, Onconephrology, Renal Functional Reserve and more.　

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Forthcoming Issues
Preface
Defining Acute Kidney Injury
Key points
Introduction
History: acute renal failure to acute kidney injury
Defining acute kidney injury
Relationship to clinical outcomes
Electronic alerts
Biomarkers in acute kidney injury
Persistent acute kidney injury and acute kidney disease
Clinics care points
Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery
Key points
Introduction
Discussion
Risk assessment
Interventions
Summary
Clinics care points
Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury
Key points
Introduction
Definitions
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury
Diagnosis
Recovery from sepsis-associated acute kidney injury and long-term follow-up
Prevention and treatment of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury
Summary
Clinics care points
Nephrotoxin Stewardship
Key points
Introduction and nephrotoxin stewardship definition
Goal 1: medication safety
Goal 2: kidney health
Goal 3: avoiding unnecessary costs
Summary
Clinics care points
Hepatorenal Syndrome
Key points
Introduction
Assessment of kidney function in cirrhosis
Definitions
Pathophysiology
Cause of kidney dysfunction
Prevention and treatment of hepatorenal syndrome
Post–liver transplant acute kidney injury
Summary
Clinic care points
Cardiorenal Syndrome
Key points
Introduction: the definition of cardiorenal syndrome
Cardiorenal syndrome in adults
Cardiorenal syndrome in patients supported by artificial heart support and after heart transplantation
Cardiorenal syndrome in children
Summary
Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury: Understanding of the Impact on the Smallest Patients
Key points
Introduction
Case scenario 1
Prematurity, low birthweight, and acute kidney injury
High-risk exposures for preterm babies
Nephrotoxic medication exposure
Acute kidney injury diagnosis and biomarkers
Novel acute kidney injury biomarkers
Case scenario 2
Acute kidney injury and the interplay with other organ systems
Fluid balance and fluid overload
Neonatal acute kidney injury and long-term outcomes
Current developments in neonatal acute kidney injury management: caffeine and continuous renal replacement therapy
Summary
Clinics care points15,69,70
Onconephrology
Key points
Introduction
Epidemiology
Discussion
Prerenal
Intrinsic
Glomerular and paraneoplastic causes
Tubulointerstitial causes
Vascular or thrombotic microangiopathy
Postrenal
Summary
Clinics care points
Biomarkers in Acute Kidney Injury
Key points
Introduction
Limitations of Current Acute Kidney Injury Diagnosis
Biomarkers and the Continuum of Acute Kidney Injury
Summary
Clinics care points
The Role of Renal Functional Reserve in Predicting Acute Kidney Injury
Key points
Introduction
Postulated mechanisms for renal functional reserve
Methods used to quantify renal functional reserve
A renewed interest in renal functional reserve
Limitations to the routine use of renal functional reserve in routine clinical care
Summary
clinics care points
Starting Kidney Replacement Therapy in Critically III Patients with Acute Kidney Injury
Key points
Introduction
The clinical dilemma of when to start kidney replacement therapy
Kidney replacement therapy and clinical outcomes
Kidney replacement therapy and coronavirus disease 2019
Definitions of timing for starting kidney replacement therapy
Rationale for an early strategy to starting kidney replacement therapy
Rationale for a conservative strategy to kidney replacement therapy initiation
Current clinical practice guideline recommendations
Clinical trial evidence on timing of starting kidney replacement therapy
Implications for clinicians
Existing knowledge gaps
Summary
Clinics care points
Kidney Replacement Therapy for Fluid Management
Key points
Introduction
Fluid balance and outcomes
Principles of volume management using kidney replacement therapy
Vascular refill during net ultrafiltration
Association of net ultrafiltration rate with outcomes
Areas of uncertainty and directions for future research
Summary
Clinics care points
Acute Kidney Disease to Chronic Kidney Disease
Key points
Introduction
Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease
Epidemiology of acute kidney injury
Acute kidney disease after acute kidney injury
Pathophysiology of kidney repair and regeneration
Epidemiology of acute kidney disease
Management of acute kidney disease
Summary
Clinics care points