A Modern Introduction to Differential Equations
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A Modern Introduction to Differential Equations, Second Edition, provides an introduction to the basic concepts of differential equations. The book begins by introducing the basic concepts of differential equations, focusing on the analytical, graphical, and numerical aspects of first-order equations, including slope fields and phase lines. The discussions then cover methods of solving second-order homogeneous and nonhomogeneous linear equations with constant coefficients; systems of linear differential equations; the Laplace transform and its applications to the solution of differential equations and systems of differential equations; and systems of nonlinear equations. Each chapter concludes with a summary of the important concepts in the chapter. Figures and tables are provided within sections to help students visualize or summarize concepts. The book also includes examples and exercises drawn from biology, chemistry, and economics, as well as from traditional pure mathematics, physics, and engineering. This book is designed for undergraduate students majoring in mathematics, the natural sciences, and engineering. However, students in economics, business, and the social sciences with the necessary background will also find the text useful.
Key Features
- Student friendly readability- assessible to the average student
- Early introduction of qualitative and numerical methods
- Large number of exercises taken from biology, chemistry, economics, physics and engineering
- Exercises are labeled depending on difficulty/sophistication
- End of chapter summaries
- Group projects
Readership
Undergraduate students studying differential equations.
Table of Contents
- Chapter 1 Introduction to Differential Equations
Introduction
1.1 Basic Terminology
1.2 Solutions of Differential Equations
1.3 Initial-Value Problems and Boundary-Value Problems
Summary
Project 1-1
Chapter 2 First-Order Differential Equations
Introduction
2.1 Separable Equations
2.2 Linear Equations
2.3 Compartment Problems
2.4 Slope Fields
2.5 Phase Lines and Phase Portraits
2.6 Equilibrium Points: Sinks, Sources, and Nodes
2.7 Bifurcations
2.8 Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions
Summary
Project 2-1
Project 2-2
Chapter 3 The Numerical Approximation of Solutions
Introduction
3.1 Euler’s Method
3.2 The Improved Euler Method
3.3 More Sophisticated Numerical Methods: Runge-Kutta and Others
Summary
Project 3-1
Chapter 4 Second- and Higher-Order Equations
Introduction
4.1 Homogeneous Second-Order Linear Equations with Constant Coefficients
4.2 Nonhomogeneous Second-Order Linear Equations with Constant Coefficients
4.3 The Method of Undetermined Coefficients
4.4 Variation of Parameters
4.5 Higher-Order Linear Equations with Constant Coefficients
4.6 Higher-Order Equations and Their Equivalent Systems
4.7 The Qualitative Analysis of Autonomous Systems
4.8 Spring-Mass Problems
4.9 Existence and Uniqueness
4.10 Numerical Solutions
Summary
Project 4-1
Chapter 5 Systems of Linear Differential Equations
Introduction
5.1 Systems and Matrices
5.2 Two-Dimensional Systems of First-Order Linear Equations
5.3 The Stability of Homogeneous Linear Systems: Unequal Real Eigenvalues
5.4 The Stability of Homogeneous Linear Systems: Equal Real Eigenvalues
5.5 The Stability of Homogeneous Linear Systems: Complex Eigenvalues
5.6 Nonhomogeneous Systems
5.7 Generalizations: The n × n Case (n ≥ 3)
Summary
Project 5-1
Project 5-2
Chapter 6 The Laplace Transform
Introduction
6.1 The Laplace Transform of Some Important Functions
6.2 The Inverse Transform and the Convolution
6.3 Transforms of Discontinuous Functions
6.4 Transforms of Impulse Functions—The Dirac Delta Function
6.5 Transforms of Systems of Linear Differential Equations
6.6 A Qualitative Analysis via the Laplace Transform
Summary
Project 6-1
Chapter 7 Systems of Nonlinear Differential Equations
Introduction
7.1 Equilibria of Nonlinear Systems
7.2 Linear Approximation at Equilibrium Points
7.3 The Poincaré-Lyapunov Theorem
7.4 Two Important Examples of Nonlinear Equations and Systems
7.5 Van Der Pol’s Equation and Limit Cycles
Summary
Project 7-1
Appendix A Some Calculus Concepts and Results
A.1 Local Linearity: The Tangent Line Approximation
A.2 The Chain Rule
A.3 The Taylor Polynomial / Taylor Series
A.4 The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (FTC)
A.5 Partial Fractions
A.6 Improper Integrals
A.7 Functions of Several Variables / Partial Derivatives
A.8 The Tangent Plane: The Taylor Expansion of F(x, y)
Appendix B Vectors and Matrices
B.1 Vectors and Vector Algebra; Polar Coordinates
B.2 Matrices and Basic Matrix Algebra
B.3 Linear Transformations and Matrix Multiplication
B.4 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
Appendix C Complex Numbers
C.1 Complex Numbers: The Algebraic View
C.2 Complex Numbers: The Geometric View
C.3 The Quadratic Formula
C.4 Euler’s Formula
Appendix D Series Solutions of Differential Equations
D.1 Power Series Solutions of First-Order Equations
D.2 Series Solutions of Second-Order Linear Equations: Ordinary Points
D.3 Regular Singular Points: The Method of Frobenius
D.4 The Point at Infinity
D.5 Some Additional Special Differential Equations
Answers/Hints to Odd-Numbered Exercises
Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 536
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 2009
- Published: February 24, 2009
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9780080886039
About the Author
Henry Ricardo
Henry J. Ricardo works at Medgar Evers College of the City University of New York in Brooklyn, USA.
Affiliations and Expertise
Medgar Evers College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, USA
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