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Textbook of Veterinary Physiological Chemistry
3rd Edition - July 21, 2014
Author: Larry Engelking
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:9780123919090
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 3 9 1 9 0 9 - 0
eBook ISBN:9780123919106
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 3 9 1 9 1 0 - 6
Bridging the gap between basic and clinical science concepts, the Textbook of Veterinary Physiological Chemistry, Third Edition offers broad coverage of biochemical principle…Read more
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Bridging the gap between basic and clinical science concepts, the Textbook of Veterinary Physiological Chemistry, Third Edition offers broad coverage of biochemical principles for students and practitioners of veterinary medicine. The only recent biochemistry book written specifically for the veterinary field, this text covers cellular-level concepts related to whole-body physiologic processes in a reader-friendly, approachable manner. Each chapter is written in a succinct and concise style that includes an overview summary section, numerous illustrations for best comprehension of the subject matter, targeted learning objectives, and end of the chapter study questions to assess understanding.
With new illustrations and an instructor website with updated PowerPoint images, the Textbook of Veterinary Physiological Chemistry, Third Edition, proves useful to students and lecturers from diverse educational backgrounds. Sectional exams and case studies, new to this edition, extend the breadth and depth of learning resources.
Provides newly developed case studies that demonstrate practical application of concepts
Presents comprehensive sectional exams for self-assessment
Delivers instructor website with updated PowerPoint images and lecture slides to enhance teaching and learning
Employs a succinct communication style in support of quick comprehension
First year students in veterinary programs taking Physiological Chemistry or Veterinary Biochemistry. Additionally, veterinary students taking physiology, graduate students studying animal science, and students in veterinary pharmacy programs.
Acknowledgments
Preface to the First Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the Third Edition
Addendum to Section I
Introduction to Section II
Sections I and II Examination Questions
Answers
Addendum to Section II
Introduction to Section III
Section III Examination Questions
Answers
Addendum to Section III
Introduction to Section IV
Section IV Examination Questions
Answers
Addendum to Section IV
Introduction to Section V
Addendum to Section V
Introduction to Section VI
Sections V and VI Examination Questions
Answers
Addendum to Section VI
Introduction to Section VII
Section VII Examination Questions
Answers
Epilog
Section I: Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism
Chapter 1: Chemical Composition of Living Cells
Abstract
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Polysaccharides
Lipids
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 2: Properties of Amino Acids
Abstract
Hydrophilic Amino Acids
Hydrophobic Amino Acids
Neither Hydrophobic nor Hydrophilic
Enantiomers
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 3: Amino Acid Modifications
Abstract
Modified Amino Acids Found in Protein
Nonprotein Amino Acids
Essential and Nonessential Amino Acids
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 4: Protein Structure
Abstract
Primary Structure
Secondary Structure
Tertiary Structure
Quaternary Structure
Protein Misfolding
Protein Denaturation
Plasma Proteins
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 5: Properties of Enzymes
Abstract
General Properties of Enzymes
Enzyme Nomenclature
Coenzymes
Control of Enzyme Activity
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 6: Enzyme Kinetics
Abstract
Substrate Saturation Curves
Double Reciprocal Plots
Enzyme Inhibitors
Reversible, Competitive Inhibitors
Reversible, Noncompetitive Inhibitors
Uncompetitive Inhibitors
Irreversible Inhibitors
Therapeutic Inhibitors
Isozymes
Cofactors and Coenzymes
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 7: Protein Digestion
Abstract
Tissue Protein Turnover
Gastrointestinal Protein Digestion
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 8: Amino Acid Catabolism
Abstract
Hepatic Metabolism of Phenylalanine
The BCAA/AAA Ratio
Intestine
Skeletal Muscle
Kidney
Liver
Nitrogen Balance
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 9: Transamination and Deamination Reactions
Section II: Nucleotide and Nucleic Acid Metabolism
Chapter 13: Nucleotides
Abstract
Nucleotide Structure
Polynucleotide Structure and Synthesis
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 14: Pyrimidine Biosynthesis
Abstract
Pathway Summary
Pathway Regulation
Unusual Physical Properties of Relevant Early Stage Mammalian Enzymes
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 15: Purine Biosynthesis
Abstract
Phase One - PRPP Biosynthesis
Phase Two - Formation of IMP (the parent NMP)
Phase Three - Formation of AMP, GMP, and the Respective 5'-triphosphates
Formation of NDP and NTP Forms of Adenine and Guanine
Regulation of Purine Biosynthesis
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 16: Folic Acid
Abstract
Folic Acid and its Active Form, Tetrahydrofolate
Folate Metabolism in Animals vs Bacteria
THFA-mediated One-carbon Metabolism
Folate Plasma Concentrations
Megaloblastic Anemia (MA)
Formation of Deoxyribonucleotides
Conversion of dUTP to its 5-methyl Form, dTTP
Chemotherapeutic Drug Targets in dNTP and Folate Metabolism
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 17: Nucleic Acid and Nucleotide Turnover
Abstract
Release of Bases from Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides and Nucleosides
Salvage of Purine and Pyrimidine Bases
Degradation of Pyrimidine Bases
Degradation of Purine Bases
Excretion of Purine Degradation Products
Uric Acid and Health
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Section III: Carbohydrate and Heme Metabolism
Chapter 18: Carbohydrate Structure
Abstract
Complex Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Pentoses, NAD+ and NADP+, NADH and NADPH
Hexoses
Disaccharides and Trisaccharides
Questions
ANSWERS
Chapter 19: Polysaccharides and Carbohydrate Derivatives
Abstract
Polysaccharides
Carbohydrate Derivatives
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 20: Glycoproteins and Glycolipids
Abstract
Glycoproteins
Glycolipids
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 21: Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism
Abstract
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 22: Glucose Trapping
Abstract
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 23: Glycogen
Abstract
Glycogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Glycogen Storage Diseases
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 24: Introduction to Glycolysis (The Embden-Meyerhoff Pathway (EMP))
Abstract
Why is Anaerobic Glycolysis Necessary?
Historical Perspective
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 25: Initial Reactions in Anaerobic Glycolysis
Abstract
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 26: Intermediate Reactions in Anaerobic Glycolysis
Abstract
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 27: Metabolic Fates of Pyruvate
Abstract
Questions
ANSWERS
Chapter 28: Hexose Monophosphate Shunt (HMS)
Abstract
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 29: Uronic Acid Pathway
Abstract
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 30: Erythrocytic Protection from O2 Toxicity
Abstract
Oxygen Toxicity
Cellular Protection Against Free Radicals
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 31: Carbohydrate Metabolism in Erythrocytes
Abstract
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 32: Heme Biosynthesis
Abstract
Harderian Glands
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
Hemoglobin (Hb)
Anemias and Polycythemia
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 33: Heme Degradation
Abstract
Hepatic Bilirubin Uptake, Conjugation, and Excretion
Characterization of Plasma Bilirubin
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 34: Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle
Abstract
Exchange Transporters of the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 35: Leaks in the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle
Abstract
TCA Cycle Intermediates are Converted to Other Essential Compounds
Replenishment of TCA Cycle Intermediates
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 36: Oxidative Phosphorylation
Abstract
Movement of Electrons from Cytoplasmic NADH to the Mitochondrial ETC
Oxidation and Reduction
Phosphorylation
Inhibitors and Uncouplers
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 37: Gluconeogenesis
Abstract
Gluconeogenic Precursors
Gluconeogenic Enzymes
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 38: Carbohydrate Digestion
Abstract
Salivary α-Amylase (Ptyalin)
Intestinal Carbohydrate Digestion
Intestinal Monosaccharide Absorption
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Section IV: Vitamins and Trace Elements
Chapter 39: Vitamin C
Abstract
Water-soluble Vitamins
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 40: Thiamin (B1) and Riboflavin (B2)
Abstract
Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 41: Niacin (B3) and Pantothenic Acid (B5)
Abstract
Niacin (Vitamin B3)
Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5)
Lipoic acid
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 42: Biotin and Pyridoxine (B6)
Abstract
Biotin
Pyridoxine (B6)
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 43: Cobalamin (B12)
Abstract
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 44: Vitamin A
Abstract
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin A
Vitamin A Toxicity
Vitamin A and Vision
Vitamin A Deficiency
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 45: Vitamin D
Abstract
Vitamin D Toxicity
Vitamin D Deficiency
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 46: Vitamin E
Abstract
Vitamin E Deficiency
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 47: Vitamin K
Abstract
Vitamin K Deficiency
Vitamin K Toxicity
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 48: Iron
Abstract
Trace Elements
Iron (Fe)
Iron Toxicity
Iron Deficiency
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 49: Zinc
Abstract
Zinc Toxicity
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 50: Copper
Abstract
Copper Deficiency
Copper Toxicity
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 51: Manganese and Selenium
Abstract
Manganese (Mn++)
Selenium (Se)
QUESTIONS
Answers
Chapter 52: Iodine and Cobalt
Abstract
Iodine (I)
Goitrogens
Cobalt (Co)
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Section V: Lipid Metabolism
Chapter 53: Overview of Lipid Metabolism
Abstract
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 54: Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Abstract
Essential Fatty Acids
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 55: Fatty Acid Oxidation
Abstract
Mitochondrial β-oxidation
Peroxisomal β-oxidation
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 56: Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
Abstract
Fatty Acid Elongation Beyond Palmitate
NADPH Generation and FattyAcid Biosynthesis
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 57: Triglycerides and Glycerophospholipids
Abstract
Triglycerides
Glycerophospholipids
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 58: Phospholipid Degradation
Abstract
Ca++ Signaling
Phospholipids and the Ca++ Messenger System
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 59: Sphingolipids
Abstract
Sphingolipid Degradation
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 60: Lipid Digestion
Abstract
Emulsification of Dietary Fat
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Dietary Lipids
Lipid Absorption in the Small Intestine
Mucosal Resynthesis of Dietary Lipids
Abnormalities in Lipid Digestion and Absorption
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 61: Cholesterol
Abstract
Cholesterol Biosynthesis
Abnormalities in the Plasma Cholesterol Concentration
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 62: Bile Acids
Abstract
Hepatic BA Biosynthesis
Bile Acid Actions in Bile, and in Luminal Contents of the Intestine
Intestinal Bile Acid Reabsorption and Enterohepatic Cycling
Regulation of Hepatic Bile Acid Biosynthesis
Bile Acid Signaling
Integration of Bile Acid Signaling, Hepatic Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism
Bile Acids as Therapeutic Agents
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 63: Lipoprotein Complexes
Abstract
Apoproteins
FFA-Albumin Complexes
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 64: Chylomicrons
Abstract
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 65: VLDL, IDL, and LDL
Abstract
Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)
Intermediate-Density (IDL), and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 66: LDL Receptors and HDL
Abstract
Nature of the Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Receptor
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 67: Hyperlipidemias
Abstract
Treatments for the Secondary Hyperlipidemias
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 68: Eicosanoids I
Abstract
Eicosanoid Degradation and Activity
Thromboxanes
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 69: Eicosanoids II
Abstract
Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic Acids (HPETEs) and Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids (HETEs)
Leukotrienes (LTs)
Prostaglandins (PGs)
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 70: Lipolysis
Abstract
Endocrine Control of Lipolysis
Glyceroneogenesis
Satiety
Lipolysis in Brown Adipose Tissue
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 71: Ketone Body Formation and Utilization
Abstract
Why Should one Lipid Fuel be Converted to Another in the Liver?
Ketone Body Utilization
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 72: Fatty Liver Syndrome (Steatosis)
Abstract
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Section VI: Starvation and Excercise
Chapter 73: Starvation (Transition into the Postabsorptive Phase)
Abstract
The Insulin:Glucagon Ratio
Glucose Availability
The Initial Postabsorptive Phase of Starvation
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 74: Starvation (The Early Phase)
Abstract
The Gluconeogenic Phase of Starvation
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 75: Starvation (The Intermediate Phase)
Abstract
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 76: Starvation (The Late Phase)
Abstract
Sequence of Body Protein Depletion
Starvation and Death
Starvation vs. Cachexia
The Survivors
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 77: Exercise (Circulatory Adjustments and Creatine)
Abstract
Circulatory Adjustments to Exercise
Cardiac Adjustments to Exercise
Creatinine and Creatine
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 78: Exercise ( and RQ)
Abstract
Oxygen Consumption
The Respiratory Quotient (RQ)
Alternative Techniques for Determining Fuel Utilization During Exercise
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 79: Exercise (Substrate Utilization and Endocrine Parameters)
Abstract
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 80: Exercise (Muscle Fiber Types and Characteristics)
Abstract
Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types
Muscles That Do Not Accumulate an O2 Debt
Muscle Atrophy during Immobilization
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 81: Exercise (Athletic Animals)
Abstract
Muscle Fatigue
Athletic Animals
Benefits of Conditioning
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Section VII: Acid-Base Balance
Chapter 82: The Hydrogen Ion Concentration
Abstract
Hydrogen Ion Balance
Non-volatile Acid Production
Non-volatile Acid Input and Loss from the Body
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 83: Strong and Weak Electrolytes
Abstract
The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 84: Protein Buffer Systems
Abstract
The Hemoglobin (Hb−) Buffer System
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 85: Bicarbonate, Phosphate, and Ammonia Buffer Systems
Abstract
The Bicarbonate Buffer System
The Phosphate Buffer System
The Ammonia Buffer System
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 86: Anion Gap
Abstract
Plasma Anion Gap (AG)
Urinary Anion Gap (UAG)
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 87: Metabolic Acidosis
Abstract
Effects of Chronic Acidemia on Bone
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 88: Diabetes Mellitus (Metabolic Acidosis and Potassium Balance)
Abstract
Metabolic Acidosis and K+ Balance
Endocrine Influences on K+ Balance
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 89: Metabolic Alkalosis
Abstract
Metabolic Alkalosis and K+ Balance
Volume-Resistant Metabolic Alkalosis
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 90: Respiratory Acidosis
Abstract
Medullary Chemoreceptors
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 91: Respiratory Alkalosis
Abstract
Mixed Acid-base Disturbances
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 92: Strong Ion Difference (SID)
Abstract
Plasma Proteins and Phosphates
Free Water Abnormalities
Base Excess (BE) and Base Deficit (-BE)
Example Problem
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 93: Alkalinizing and Acidifying Solutions
Abstract
Alkalinizing Solutions
Acidifying Solutions
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Chapter 94: Dehydration/Overhydration
Abstract
Hypertonic Dehydration
Isotonic Dehydration
Hypotonic Dehydration
Indicators of Hypovolemia
Overhydration
Expansion of the ECF Volume
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
Case Studies
Case Study #1: Ethylene Glycol
Questions
Answers
Case Study #2: Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
Questions
Answers
Ending
Case Study #3: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), Endocarditis and Cardiac Ischemia
Questions
Answers
Case Study #4: Portosystemic Vascular Shunt (PSS)
Questions
Answers
Ending
Case Study #5: Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Questions
Answers
Case Study #6: Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD)
Questions
Answers
Appendix
Abbreviations
References
Index
No. of pages: 786
Language: English
Edition: 3
Published: July 21, 2014
Imprint: Academic Press
Paperback ISBN: 9780123919090
eBook ISBN: 9780123919106
LE
Larry Engelking
Larry Engelking holds B.S. and M.S. degrees in biology from Idaho State University, and a Ph.D. degree in physiology from Kansas State University. He has held post-doctoral research positions at the University of Florida Veterinary School and the University of Alabama Medical School, teaching positions at Harvard University, and professorial positions at Tufts University. With over 35 years of teaching and research experience, Dr. Engelking is an expert in the fields of biochemistry and physiology.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Biomedical Sciences, Emeritus, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Florida, U.S.A.
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