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Nuclear and Radiochemistry

By
  • Jozsef Konya, Isotope Laboratory, Department of Colloid and Environmental Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Hungary
  • Noémi Nagy, Isotope Laboratory, Department of Colloid and Environmental Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Hungary

The field of nuclear and radiochemistry is wide-reaching, with results having functions and use across a variety of disciplines. Drawing on 40 years of experience in teaching and research, this concise book explains the basic principles and applications of the primary areas of nuclear and radiochemistry. Separate chapters cover each main area of recent radiochemistry. This includes nuclear medicine and chemical aspects of nuclear power plants, namely the problems of nuclear wastes and nuclear analysis (both bulk and surface analysis), with the analytical methods based on the interactions of radiation with matter. Furthermore, special attention is paid to thermodynamics of radioisotope tracer methods, the very diluted system (carrier-free radioactive isotopes) and the principles of chemical processes with unsealed radioactive sources. This book will be helpful to students and researchers in chemistry, chemical engineering, environmental sciences, and specialists working in all fields of radiochemistry.

Hardbound, 432 Pages

Published: May 2012

Imprint: Elsevier

ISBN: 978-0-12-391430-9

Contents

  • 1 Introduction

    2 Basic concepts

    2.1 Atomic nuclei

    2.2 Forces in nucleus

    2.3 Other properties of nuclei

    2.4 Elementary particles

    2.5 Models of nuclei

    3 Isotopes

    3.1. Isotopic effects

    3.2 Separation of isotopes

    3.3 Isotope composition in the Nature

    3.4 Study of geological formations and processes by stable isotope ratios

    4 Radioactive decay

    4.1 Kinetics of radioactive decay

    4.2 Radioactive decay series

    4.3. Radioactive dating

    4.4 Mechanism of radioactive decay

    5 Interaction of radiation with matter

    5.1 Basic concepts

    5.2 Interaction of alpha particles with matter

    5.3 Interaction of beta radiation with matter

    5.4 Interaction of y-radiation with matter

    5.5 Interaction of neutrons with matter

    6 Nuclear reactions

    6.1 Kinetics of nuclear reactions

    6.2 Classification of nuclear reactions

    6.3 General scheme of radionuclide production by nuclear reactions and radioactive decay

    6.4 Chemical effects of nuclear reactions

    7 Nuclear energy production

    7.1. Nuclear power plants

    7.2 Accidents in nuclear power plants

    7.3 Storage and treatment of spent fuel and other radioactive waste

    7.4 New trends in nuclear energy production

    7.5 Nuclear weapons

    8 Radioactive tracer methods

    8.1 History of radioactive tracer methods

    8.2 Basic concepts

    8.3. Selection of tracer

    8.4. Position of labeling atom in molecule

    8.5 General methods for preparation of radioactive tracers

    8.6 Radioactive isotopes in tracer methods

    8.7 Main steps of the production of unsealed radioactive preparations

    8.8 Production of encapsulated radioactive preparations (sealed sources)

    9 Physico-chemical application of radiotracer methods

    9.1 Thermodynamic concept of classification (distribution of radioactive and stable isotopes)

    9.2 Classification of tracer methods

    9.3Physico-chemical applications of tracer methods

    10 Nuclear analysis

    10.1 Radioactive isotopes as tracers

    10.2 Nuclear analytical methods using the interaction of radiation with matter

    11 Industrial application of radioisotopes (Lajos Baranyai)

    11.1 Tracer investigations with open radioisotopes

    11.2 Absorption and scattering measurements with sealed radioactive sources

    12 An Introduction to Nuclear Medicine (József Varga)

    12.1 Fields of nuclear medicine

    12.2 Role and aspects of applying radiotracers in medicine

    12.3 In vitro diagnostics with radioisotopes

    12.4 Radionuclide imaging

    12.5 Some examples of gamma camera imaging procedures

    12.6 Positronemission tomography

    13 Environmental radioactivity

    13.1 Natural radioactive isotopes

    13.2 Anthropogenic radioactive isotopes

    13.3. Occurrence of radioactive isotopes in the environment

    13.4. Biological effects of radiation

    14 Detection and measurement of radioactivity

    14.1 Gas-filled tubes

    14.2 Scintillation detectors

    14.3 Semiconductor detectors

    14.4 Electric circuits connected to detectors

    14.5 Track and other detectors

    14.6 Absolute measurement of decompositions

    14.7 Statistics of radioactive decay

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