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Nano and Micro Engineered Membrane Technology

By
  • CJM van Rijn, General Manager Aquamarijn Research BV, The Netherlands

This book is about Nano and micro engineered membrane technology, an emerging new technological area in membrane technology. Potential applications cover a broad spectrum of science, such as micro and nano filtration, gas separation, optics and nanophotonics, catalysis, microbiology, controlled drug delivery, nanopatterning, micro contact printing, atomisation, cross flow emulsification, etc. A brief overview of filtration membranes and pore structures is presented in chapter 1 and in the subsequent chapter 2 an overview is presented of conventional micro perforation methods, like laser drilling, electroforming, precision etching etc. With micro engineering techniques (chapter 3), originating from the semiconductor industry, it is relatively easy to downscale and form submicron pores (down to 100 nm) using photolithographic methods, with e.g. contact masks and wafer steppers. In chapter 4 some elementary fluid mechanics related to fluid flow in conducts and single and multiple orifices is presented covering analytical methods as well as computational fluid dynamics. Much effort has been put in strength and maximum pressure load analysis (chapter 5) of perforated and unperforated membranes. New analytical expressions were obtained that were verified by a number of computer simulations and many experiments. A separate chapter (chapter 6) has been devoted to the pioneering work of manufacturing polymeric perforated membranes because of its potential future economical impact. Large scale microfiltration applications on e.g. skim milk and lager beer are presented in chapter 7, whereas in chapter 8 a micro scale Lab-on-a-Chip microfiltration/fractionation demonstrator is discussed.Nanotechnology and nano engineered membranes is the fascinating topic of chapter 9, with typical examples as nanopatterning, nanophotonics and nanomembrane technology. This book closes with novel pioneering applications on atomization (chapter 10) for deep pulmonary inhale and cross flow emulsification (chapter 11) for the manufacturing of e.g. functional foods and nano/micro emulsions.

Audience
Industry consultants and individual scientists in the area of chemical engineering, physical chemistry, membrane technology, and material science.

Included in series
Membrane Science and Technology

Hardbound, 398 Pages

Published: February 2004

Imprint: Elsevier

ISBN: 978-0-444-51489-9

Reviews

  • "This book gives an excellent overview of production methods and applications of micro-(and nano-) engineered membranes, and addresses a large auditorium with interest and background in materials technology."
    Christian Simon, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Norway, MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS, Vol. 75, 2005

Contents

  • Overview Membrane Technology
    Membrane Processes
    • Filtration through size exclusion
    • Separation by solution-diffusion process
    • Separation by charge
    Membrane Structures
    • Ceramic membranes
    • Polymeric membranes
    • Nanocomposite membranes
    • Other membrane structures

    Microperforation Methods
    Wet etching of perforations in metal foils
    Electroforming of perforations
    Electro perforation
    Laser cutting and drilling of perforations
    Hot embossing

    Micro Engineered Membranes
    Introduction micro engineering
    MEMS Silicon micro engineering
    Micro engineered unperforated membranes
    Micro engineered perforated membranes
    Semiconductor lithography
    Laser interference lithography
    • Device fabrication with short exposure time
    • Short versus long exposure times
    Fabrication of microsieves with silicon wafers
    • Wet etching through the pores
    • Silicon Wafers

    Fluid Mechanics
    Fluid flow through a channel and an orifice
    Flow through rectangular and circular orifices

    Membrane Deflection and Maximum Pressure Load
    Analytical pressure load expressions
    Experiments
    Perforated membranes and maximum pressure load

    Polymeric Membranes
    Photolithographic polyimide membranes
    Hot moulding techniques
    Phase separation micro moulding
    • Moulding of micro array and a microwell
    • Flat sheet and tubular polymeric structures
    • Capillary polymeric structures

    Microfiltration Cross flow microfiltration of large particles
    Cross flow microfiltration of polydisperse suspensions
    Microfiltration of lager beer
    Micro filtration and fractionation of milk
    Microfiltration of blood-cell concentrates
    Microscreens for rapid microbiological detection

    Lab and Fab-on-a-Chip
    Lab-on-a-Chip for particle fractionation
    Fab-on-a-Chip for de-hydrogenation process

    Nanotechnology and Nano Engineered Membranes
    Introduction Nanotechnology
    Zeolites, self assembled molecular sieves
    • Molecular sieves on siliconnitride membranes Patterning of nanostructures
    • Stencilling with nanosieves
    Nanosieves for Photonic Structures
    • Silicon nitride photonic crystals
    • Alumina photonic crystals
    Nano membrane separation technology
    Nano engineered biomembranes
    • Biosensors Nanotubes
    • Carbon nanotubes
    • Templated nanotubes and nanofiltration
    • Nano printing and etching

    Atomisation
    Introduction theory
    Atomisation with micro machined nozzles

    Membrane Emulsification
    CFD and membrane emulsification
    Analytical cross-flow emulsification model

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