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MicroRNA in Regenerative Medicine
1st Edition - November 26, 2014
Editor: Chandan K. Sen
Language: English
eBook ISBN:9780124058583
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 0 5 8 5 8 - 3
This work encapsulates the uses of miRNA across stem cells, developmental biology, tissue injury and tissue regeneration. In particular contributors provide focused coverage of me…Read more
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This work encapsulates the uses of miRNA across stem cells, developmental biology, tissue injury and tissue regeneration. In particular contributors provide focused coverage of methodologies, intervention and tissue engineering.
Regulating virtually all biological processes, the genome’s 1048 encoded microRNAs appear to hold considerable promise for the potential repair and regeneration of tissues and organs in future therapies. In this work, 50 experts address key topics of this fast-emerging field. Concisely summarizing and evaluating key findings emerging from fundamental research into translational application, they point to the current and future significance of clinical research in the miRNA area. Coverage encompasses all major aspects of fundamental stem cell and developmental biology, including the uses of miRNA across repair and regeneration, and special coverage of methodologies and interventions as they point towards organ and tissue engineering
Multi-colour text layout with 150 colour figures to illustrate important findings
Take home messages encapsulate key lessons throughout text
Short chapters offer focused discussion and clear ‘voice’
Dedication
Part 1. Stem Cells
Chapter 1. MicroRNA Biogenesis in Regenerative Medicine
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Macro Impact of miRNAs
1.3. miRNA Biogenesis: Different Paths to the Same Destination
1.4. Mechanisms of miRNA-Induced Translational Repression
1.5. miRNA Regulation
1.6. Methods for miRNA Profiling
1.7. Bioinformatics Analysis of miRNAs
1.8. miRNA Applications in Regenerative Medicine
1.9. miRNAs and Stem Cells
1.10. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Chapter 2. Control of Pluripotency and Reprogramming
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Basic Properties of Stem Cells
2.3. Pluripotency
2.4. Nuclear Reprogramming
2.5. Conclusions
Chapter Questions
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Chapter 3. Epigenetic Modification of MicroRNAs
3.1. Introduction
3.2. The Epigenetic Landscape of a Healthy Cell
3.3. miRNAs and Epigenetic Regulation
3.4. A Generalized Model for Epigenetic Regulation of miRNAs in Determining Cell Fate
3.5. Epigenetic Modifications and Regenerative Medicine
3.6. Epigenetic Modifying Drugs
3.7. The Clinical Relevance of miRNAs and Epigenetic Modifying Drugs
3.8. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Abbreviations
Chapter 4. miRNAs in Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Mechanisms of MSC Correction
4.3. miRNAs in General and in Wound Healing
4.4. MSCS in miR-146A Expression: Attenuation of Inflammatory Response in Diabetic Wounds
4.5. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 5. miRNAs in Cancer Stem Cells
5.1. Introduction
5.2. miRNA Regulation of Normal Stem Cells
5.3. miRNA Regulation of Cancer Stem Cells
5.4. Regulation of miRNAs to Inhibit Cancer Stem Cells
5.5. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 6. MicroRNAs in Neural Stem Cells
6.1. Introduction
6.2. First Insights: Dicer-Knockout Mice
6.3. miRNA Control of NSC Status and Progression along Differentiation
6.4. miRNAs as Neuronal Fate Determinants
6.5. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 7. MicroRNAs in Embryonic Stem Cells
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Stem Cells and Pluripotency
7.3. miRNAs in Embryonic Stem Cells
7.4. The Role of miRNAs in Cellular Reprogramming
7.5. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 8. MicroRNAs in Normal and Malignant Myelopoiesis
8.1. Introduction
8.2. miRNAs in Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Lineage-Committed Progenitor Cells
8.3. Critical Transcription Factors Control miRNAs in Myelopoiesis
8.4. miRNA Functions in Mature Myeloid Cells
8.5. miRNAs in Malignant Myelopoiesis
8.6. Aberrant miRNA Biogenesis in AML
8.7. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 9. MicroRNA-Mediated Translational Control in Stem Cells: Self-Renewal and Therapeutic Implications
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Stem Cells
9.3. Factors Essential for Maintenance of Stem Cell Self-Renewal
9.4. miRNA Biogenesis and Mode of Action
9.5. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and miRNAs
9.6. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 10. MicroRNAs in Endothelial Progenitor Cells
10.1. Introduction
10.2. EPCS and Cardiovascular Diseases
10.3. EPCS and Angiogenesis-Based Tissue Repair
10.4. EPCS in Tumor Angiogenesis
10.5. Controversy in Identification of EPCS
10.6. miRNA Profiles in EPCs
10.7. Regulation of miRNAs in EPCs in Diseases
10.8. Targeting miRNAs in EPC Therapy
10.9. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Part 2. Development
Chapter 11. MicroRNA Function in Muscle Homeostasis and Regenerative Medicine
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Bone Development and Remodeling
11.3. Skeletal Muscle Development and Regeneration
11.4. MicroRNAs in Differentiation and Regenerative Medicine
11.5. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 12. MicroRNAs in Skin Fibrosis
12.1. Introduction
12.2. miRNA Regulation of Skin Fibrosis
12.3. Clinical Applications of miRNAs in Skin Fibrosis
12.4. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Chapter 13. MicroRNAs in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Involvement of miRNAs in HSC Biology
13.3. miRNA Regulation of HSC Responses to Inflammatory Stress
13.4. miRNAs and Hematopoietic Diseases
13.5. Translational Aspects of Hematopoietic miRNAs
13.6. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 14. miRNAs in Bone Formation and Homeostasis
14.1. Introduction
14.2. The Role of miRNAs in the Limb Mesenchyme
14.3. The Role of miRNAs in Chondrocytes
14.4. The Role of miRNAs in Osteoblasts and Osteoprogenitors
14.5. The Role of miRNAs in Osteoclasts
14.6. The Role of miRNAs in the Differentiation of Stem Cells
14.7. Skeletal Diseases and miRNAs
14.8. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 15. Lung Development
15.1. Introduction
15.2. miRNAs and Lung Development
15.3. miRNAs and Lung Developmental Diseases
15.4. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 16. MicroRNAs in Pancreas and Islet Development
16.1. Introduction
16.2. The Role of miRNAs in Adult Islet Function and Diabetes
16.3. miRNAs in the Mouse and Human Developing Pancreas
16.4. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 17. MicroRNAs in Skeletal Muscle Differentiation
17.1. Introduction
17.2. myomiRs
17.3. Nonmuscle-Specific miRNAs in Skeletal Muscle Development
17.4. Functional Characterization of miRNAs in Mouse Models
17.5. miRNAs and Skeletal Muscle Diseases
17.6. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 18. MicroRNAs in Brain Development
18.1. Introduction: From Neural Progenitors to Neural Networks
18.2. Implication of Micrornas in Brain Development
18.3. miRNA Involvement in the Steps of Brain Development
18.4. MIR-9 AND MIR-124: The Stars of the Field
18.5. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 19. MicroRNAs in the Retina and in Visual Connectivity
19.1. Introduction
19.2. Gross Anatomy and Physiology of the Mammalian Retina
19.3. Development of the Mammalian Eye
19.4. Establishment of Visual Connectivity
19.5. miRNA Expression in the Retina
19.6. miRNAs as a Prospective Tool in Regenerative Medicine for Retinal Disease
19.7. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 20. MicroRNAs in Neural Crest Development
20.1. Introduction
20.2. Neural Crest Development
20.3. miRNAs in Neural Crest Development
20.4. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 21. Adipogenesis and Obesity
21.1. Adipose Tissue
21.2. Adipogenesis
21.3. Obesity
21.4. miRNA Regulation of Adipogenesis
21.5. miRNAs in Obesity
21.6. Factors That Influence miRNA Expression in Adipose Tissue
21.7. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Part 3. Repair
Chapter 22. MicroRNAs with Mega Functions in Cardiac Remodeling and Repair: The Micromanagement of Matters of the Heart
22.1. Introduction
22.2. miRNAs in Cardiac Development and Function
22.3. miRNAs in Cardiac Remodeling
22.4. Modulation of miRNA Expression to Limit Remodeling and for Myocardial Repair
22.5. miRNAs in Cardiac Dysfunction
22.6. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 23. MicroRNAs in Vascular Remodeling and Repair
23.1. Introduction
23.2. miRNAs in Vascular Remodeling
23.3. miRNAs in Tissue Regeneration
23.4. miRNAs in Regenerative Cell Therapy
23.5. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 24. Skin Wound Healing
24.1. Introduction
24.2. Anatomy of the Skin
24.3. The Wound-Healing Cascade
24.4. Epigenetic Control of Wound Healing
24.5. Micrornas—Regulators of Gene Expression
24.6. miRNAs in the Phases of Wound Healing
24.7. miRNA-Based Therapeutics
24.8. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 25. miRNAs in Bone Repair
25.1. Introduction
25.2. Bone Remodeling and Bone Repair
25.3. miRNAS in Fracture Repair
25.4. miRNAS in Osteoblasts
25.5. miRNAS in Vascular Endothelial Cells
25.6. miRNAs in Osteoclasts
25.7. Challenges for MIRNA-Based Therapeutics in Bone Repair
25.8. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 26. MicroRNAs as Future Therapeutic Targets for Spinal Cord Injury
26.1. Introduction
26.2. The Lack of Central Nervous System Regeneration in Primates
26.3. miRNA Involvement in Spinal Cord Development and Following Spinal Cord Injury
26.4. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 27. MicroRNA Regulation of Angiogenesis
27.1. Introduction
27.2. Angiogenesis Versus Vasculogenesis
27.3. microRNAs
27.4. The Role of miRNAs in Endothelial Cells
27.5. Translation from Bench to Clinic
27.6. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 28. Micromanaging Inflammation and Tissue Repair
28.1. Introduction
28.2. miRNAs in Inflammation Control
28.3. miRNA Control of Inflammatory Mediators
28.4. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 29. MicroRNA Regulation of mTOR Function
29.1. Introduction
29.2. The mTOR Protein
29.3. mTOR in Cancer
29.4. mTOR in the Nervous System
29.5. Mechanisms of mTOR Regulation
29.6. miRNA Regulation of mTOR Function
29.7. miRNAs as a Tool to Promote mTOR-Mediated NS Regeneration
29.8. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 30. OxymiRs in Regenerative Medicine
30.1. Introduction
30.2. OxymiRs in Developmental Biology
30.3. OxymiRs in Wound Healing
30.4. OxymiRs in Stem Cell Regeneration
30.5. OxymiRs in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
30.6. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Abbreviations
Chapter 31. MicroRNAs and Exosomes in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
31.1. Introduction
31.2. miRNA Biogenesis
31.3. Exosome Biogenesis
31.4. Exosomes in miRNA Biogenesis
31.5. The Link between Exosomes and miRNA Expression Patterns
31.6. The Link between Exosomes and miRNA Biological Function and Its Application to Cancer
31.7. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 32. Organ Transplantation and MicroRNA Expression
32.1. Introduction
32.2. Components of Successful Transplantation
32.3. Allograft Rejection
32.4. Allograft Tolerance
32.5. Nonimmunologic Allograft Injury
32.6. miRNAs as Effective Biomarkers
32.7. Therapeutic Potential of miRNA Modulation
32.8. Examples of miRNAs Implicated in Solid Organ Transplantation
32.9. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Part 4. Regeneration
Chapter 33. MicroRNAs in the Control of Neurogenesis in the Developing Cerebral Cortex
33.1. Introduction
33.2. Mature miRNAs in Cortical Neurogenesis
33.3. Specific miRNAs in the Fine-Tuning of Cortical Neurogenesis
33.4. Conclusions and Future Directions
Chapter Questions
Chapter 34. miRNAs in Transitions: EMT, MET, and EndoMT
34.1. Introduction
34.2. miRNAs in EMT, MET, and EndoMT
34.3. EMT-Regulating miRNAs
34.4. EndoMT-Regulating miRNAs
34.5. MET in Somatic Reprogramming
34.6. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 35. MicroRNAs in Cardiac Regeneration
35.1. Introduction
35.2. Cell Transplantation in Cardiac Regeneration
35.3. Tissue Transplantation in Cardiac Regeneration
35.4. microRNAs in Cardiac Regeneration
35.5. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 36. MicroRNAs in Liver Regeneration
36.1. Introduction
36.2. Differential Regulation of MicroRNAs during Liver Regeneration
36.3. miRNA Delivery
36.4. miRNAs in the Treatment of Liver Diseases
36.5. Difficulties in Studying miRNAs in Liver Regeneration
36.6. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Part 5. Methodology
Chapter 37. MicroRNA Technology and Small-Molecule Delivery
37.1. Introduction
37.2. Mechanisms of RNAi in Physiology and Pathology
37.3. Therapeutic Delivery of RNAi
37.4. miRNA-Based Adenosine Augmentation in Epilepsy
37.5. Safety Concerns
37.6. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Part 6. Intervention
Chapter 38. Drug–MicroRNA Cross-Talk
38.1. Introduction
38.2. miRNAs and Their Impact on Drug Metabolism
38.3. miRNAs as Drugs
38.4. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 39. Delivery and Biological Activity of Therapeutic miRNAs and miRNA Modifiers
39.1. Introduction
39.2. Altering miRNA Functions as a Novel Therapeutic Approach
39.3. Biomolecules for miRNA Therapeutics
39.4. Physical Approaches for miRNA Delivery
39.5. Vector-Based miRNA Delivery and Expression
39.6. Nonviral Delivery
39.7. Chemical Modifications of Anti-miRNAs or miRNA-Mimicking Molecules
39.8. Selected Examples of miRNA Replacement Therapeutics
39.9. Selected Examples of miRNA-Targeting Therapeutics
39.10. A Novel Frontier: miRNA Replacement and miRNA Targeting for iPSC Production
39.11. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 40. RNA-Based Therapies for Bone Diseases
40.1. Introduction
40.2. The Cells and Mechanisms of Bone Metabolism
40.3. miRNAs: from Discovery to Modern Experiments
40.4. miRNAS in Skeleton Patterning: Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts in Bone, and Chondrocytes in Cartilage
40.5. miRNAS and Diseases
40.6. New Frontiers: Interaction between miRNAS and Biomaterials
40.7. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 41. MicroRNA-Mediated Regulation of Cardiovascular Differentiation and Therapeutic Implications
41.1. Introduction
41.2. miRNAs and Stem Cell Differentiation into Cardiovascular Cells
41.3. miRNAs and Paracrine Mechanisms that Affect Cardiac Wound Healing
41.4. Myocardial Regeneration with miRNA-Modulated Stem Cells
41.5. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 42. Circulating MicroRNAs as Biomarkers
42.1. Introduction
42.2. Evaluating Circulating miRNA Expression
42.3. Circulating miRNAS in Lung Disease
42.4. Circulating miRNAS in Cardiovascular Diseases
42.5. Extracellular miRNAS in Sepsis the ICU and Viral Diseases
42.6. Beyond Biomarkers
42.7. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Part 7. Tissue Engineering
Chapter 43. Nuclear Architecture and Transcriptional Regulation of MicroRNAs
43.1. Introduction
43.2. Higher-Order DNA Structure
43.3. Nuclear Organization
43.4. Gene Regulatory Elements
43.5. DNA-Dependent RNA Transcription
43.6. Noncoding RNA
43.7. MicroRNAs
43.8. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Chapter 44. MicroRNAs in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
44.1. Introduction
44.2. miRNA Biogenesis and Function
44.3. Methods for Identifying miRNA–mRNA Interactions
44.4. miRNAs In Cell and Tissue Development
44.5. miRNAs in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering
44.6. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter Questions
Glossary
Index
No. of pages: 1288
Language: English
Edition: 1
Published: November 26, 2014
Imprint: Academic Press
eBook ISBN: 9780124058583
CS
Chandan K. Sen
Dr. Chandan K Sen is a tenured Professor of Surgery, Executive Director of The Ohio State University Comprehensive Wound Center and Director of the Ohio State University's Center for Regenerative Medicine & Cell Based Therapies. He is also the Associate Dean for Research at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. After completing his Masters of Science in Human Physiology from the University of Calcutta, Dr. Sen received his PhD in Physiology from the University of Kuopio in Finland. Dr. Sen trained as a postdoctoral fellow at the University of California at Berkeley's Molecular and Cell Biology department. His first faculty appointment was in the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California. In fall of 2000, Dr. Sen moved to The Ohio State University where established a program on tissue injury and repair. Currently, Dr. Sen is a Professor and Vice Chair of Research of Surgery. Dr. Sen serves on the editorial board of numerous scientific journals. He is the Editor in Chief of Antioxidants & Redox Signaling(www.liebertpub.com/ars) with a current impact factor of 8.456. He is the Section Editor of microRNA of Physiological Genomics, a journal of the American Physiological Society. Dr. Sen and his team have published over 250 scientific publications. He has a H-index of 64 and is currently cited 2000 times every year.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Surgery, Executive Director of The Ohio State University Comprehensive Wound Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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