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Experimental Organic Chemistry
Laboratory Manual
1st Edition - October 20, 2015
Authors: Joaquín Isac-García, José A. Dobado, Francisco G. Calvo-Flores, Henar Martínez-García
Paperback ISBN:9780128038932
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 3 8 9 3 - 2
eBook ISBN:9780128039359
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 3 9 3 5 - 9
Experimental Organic Chemistry: Laboratory Manual is designed as a primer to initiate students in Organic Chemistry laboratory work. Organic Chemistry is an eminently experimental… Read more
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Experimental Organic Chemistry: Laboratory Manual is designed as a primer to initiate students in Organic Chemistry laboratory work. Organic Chemistry is an eminently experimental science that is based on a well-established theoretical framework where the basic aspects are well established but at the same time are under constant development. Therefore, it is essential for future professionals to develop a strong background in the laboratory as soon as possible, forming good habits from the outset and developing the necessary skills to address the challenges of the experimental work.
This book is divided into three parts. In the first, safety issues in laboratories are addressed, offering tips for keeping laboratory notebooks. In the second, the material, the main basic laboratory procedures, preparation of samples for different spectroscopic techniques, Microscale, Green Chemistry, and qualitative organic analysis are described. The third part consists of a collection of 84 experiments, divided into 5 modules and arranged according to complexity. The last two chapters are devoted to the practices at Microscale Synthesis and Green Chemistry, seeking alternatives to traditional Organic Chemistry.
Organizes lab course coverage in a logical and useful way
Features a valuable chapter on Green Chemistry Experiments
Includes 84 experiments arranged according to increasing complexity
Upper level undergraduate students in organic chemistry lab courses
Preface
Chapter 1: Laboratory Safety
1.1 The lab as a safe place
1.2 Personal protective equipment
1.3 Emergency equipment for general purpose
1.4 GHS for classification and labeling of chemicals
1.5 Chemical incompatibility and storage
1.6 Substances with risk of fire and explosion
1.7 Waste treatment and disposal
Chapter 2: Lab Notebook
2.1 Notebook structure
2.2 Experiment report for a practice course
2.3 Some guidelines for keeping a notebook
2.4 Example of an experiment description
2.5 Basic calculations
Chapter 3: Laboratory Equipment
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Manufacture of lab equipment
3.3 Cleaning of glassware
3.4 General-purpose glassware
3.5 Fastening and anchoring
3.6 Pressure and vacuum equipment
3.7 Pressure reactors and hydrogenators
3.8 Other materials
Chapter 4: Basic Laboratory Operations
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Weighing of solids and liquids
4.3 Measurement of liquid volumes or solutions
4.4 Transfer of solids and liquids
4.5 Techniques used in chemical reactions
4.6 Reflux
4.7 Isolation and purification of solids
4.8 Liquid-liquid extraction
4.9 Solid-liquid extraction (Soxhlet)
4.10 Removal of solvents under reduced pressure (rotary evaporator)
4.11 Distillation
4.12 Reactions in an inert atmosphere
4.13 Reaction and removing of gaseous products
4.14 Chromatographic techniques
Chapter 5: Determining Physical and Spectroscopic Properties
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Determining physical properties
5.3 Determining spectroscopic properties
5.4 Preparation of samples for spectroscopy
Chapter 6: Functional-Group Analysis
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Qualitative elemental analysis
6.3 Organoleptic and physical properties
6.4 Classification by solubility (solubility tests)
6.5 Functional-group analysis
6.6 Identification of an unknown substance
Chapter 7: Basic Operation Experiments
7.1 Recrystallization and solubility tests: from water and from organic solvents
7.2 Stirring and decanting: preparing biodiesel from cooking oil
7.3 Simple distillation: isolation of alcohol from wine
7.4 Extraction and “rotary evaporator”: obtaining cloves and cinnamon oils
7.5 Liquid-liquid extraction (with centrifuge): isolation of caffeine from soluble coffee
7.6 Liquid-liquid extraction (with separatory funnel): separating components of a mixture
7.7 Reflux, simple, and fractional distillation: ethyl acetate preparation
7.8 Steam distillation and vacuum distillation: isolation of limonene from citrus peel
7.9 Solid-liquid extraction (Soxhlet): sunflower oil from seeds
7.10 TLC and CC chromatography: separation of the pigments from spinach leaf
Chapter 8: Organic Synthesis Experiments
8.1 Alkene oxidation: preparation of adipic acid from cyclohexene
8.2 Dehydration of alcohols: synthesis of cyclohexene from cyclohexanol
8.3 Oxidation of alcohols: 4-chlorobenzoic acid from 4-chlorobenzyl alcohol
8.4 Nucleophilic substitution reactions: synthesis of 1-bromobutane
8.5 Synthesis of an ether: preparation of β-naphthyl methyl ether
8.6 Aromatic electrophilic substitution of an ester: methyl benzoate nitration
8.7 Electrophilic aromatic substitution (SEAr): preparation of a synthetic detergent
8.8 Synthesis of azo dyes: methyl orange
8.9 Auto-oxidation−reduction of aromatic aldehydes: cannizzaro reaction
8.10 Synthesis of α, β-unsaturated ketones: Claisen-Schmidt reaction
8.11 Saponification reaction: preparation of soap from vegetable oil
8.12 Esterification: synthesis of aspirin
8.13 Difunctional compound chemoselectivity: reduction of 4-nitroacetophenone
8.14 Perkin reaction: cinnamic acid synthesis
8.15 Synthesis of imide: preparation of N-(p-chlorophenyl)-maleimide
8.16 Condensation polymerization reaction: synthesis of nylon 6,6
13.21 Polymers from renewable raw materials: starch
13.22 Organocatalysis: reaction of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and dimedone
13.23 Knoevenagel-Pinner reactions in water: synthesis of 7-hydroxy-3-carboxycoumarin
13.24 Biginelli reaction: synthesis of tetrahydropyrimidinone
13.25 Multi-component synthesis in water: Passerini reaction
13.26 Preparation of a dipyrrol derivative in water: meso-diethyl-2,2′-dipyrromethane
13.27 Ionic liquid in water: one-pot 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium derivative preparation
13.28 Beckmann rearrangement: synthesis of laurolactam from cyclododecanone
13.29 Fluorescent natural product: preparation of 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one
13.30 Photochemical solid phase: [2+2] cycloaddition of cinnamic acid
Index
No. of pages: 500
Language: English
Published: October 20, 2015
Imprint: Academic Press
Paperback ISBN: 9780128038932
eBook ISBN: 9780128039359
JI
Joaquín Isac-García
Joaquín García Isac is an Associate Professor in the Department of Organic Chemistry at the University of Granada.
Affiliations and expertise
Universidad de Granada, Spain
JD
José A. Dobado
José Antonio Jimenez Dobado received his PhD in Chemistry at the University of Granada in 1994. From 1995 to 1997, he was a postdoctoral fellow at Zurich University and Helsinki University. He joined the Department of Organic Chemistry at the University of Granada as a postdoctoral researcher from 1997 to 1998, Associate Professor from 1998 to 2002, and Profesor since 2003. In that period, he spent also several months at McMaster University and Helsinki University. His area of research is in computational Chemistry, and he directs the Molecular Modelling and Design research group financed (FQM-174) by the Andalusian Government.
Affiliations and expertise
Universidad de Granada, Spain
FC
Francisco G. Calvo-Flores
Francisco García Calvo-Flores is a Professor of Organic Chemistry at the University of Granada.
Affiliations and expertise
Universidad de Granada, Spain
HM
Henar Martínez-García
Henar Martínez García is in the Department of Organic Chemistry in the School of Industrial Engineering at the University of Valladolid.