Molecular and Cell Biology of Pain

1st Edition - March 2, 2015

Editors: Theodore Price, Greg Dussor

Hardback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 1 3 8 9 - 2

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 1 4 3 2 - 5

Pain is the number one reason that people seek medical attention but pain is still under- and poorly-treated world-wide. The purpose of this book is to give an up to date… Read more

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Pain is the number one reason that people seek medical attention but pain is still under- and poorly-treated world-wide. The purpose of this book is to give an up to date picture of what causes pain, how pain becomes chronic and what pharmacological targets might be manipulated to alleviate acute and chronic pain. The book will cover a wide array of topics from gene polymorphisms to voltage-gated ion channels moving from cellular biology to whole animal physiology.

Preface
Chapter One: An Introduction to Pain Pathways and Pain “Targets”
- Abstract
- 1 An Introduction to Pain and Pain Pathways
- 2 Ion Channels, Receptors, and Other “Targets” for Persistent Inflammatory or Neuropathic Pain
- 3 Summary
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Two: Peripheral Scaffolding and Signaling Pathways in Inflammatory Pain
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Inflammatory Mediators
- 3 Signaling Mechanisms
- 4 Scaffolding Structures
- 5 Concluding Remarks
Chapter Three: Contribution of Mechanosensitive Ion Channels to Somatosensation
- Abstract
- 1 The Evolution of Mechanosensing
- 2 MSCs in Nociceptors
- 3 Difficulties in Identifying Genes Encoding MSCs
- 4 Gating Mechanisms of MSCs
- 5 Role of MSCs in the Transmission of Noxious Mechanical Inputs
- 6 Sensitization of MSCs Is Necessary for the Induction of Mechanical Allodynia
- 7 Potassium-Selective MSCs in Nociceptors
Chapter Four: Sensory TRP Channels: The Key Transducers of Nociception and Pain
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Ion Channels in the TRPV Subfamily
- 3 Ion Channels in the TRPM Subfamily
- 4 Ion Channels in the TRPA Subfamily
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Five: The Contribution of Mitochondria to Sensory Processing and Pain
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Role of Mitochondria in Normal Sensory Processing and Acute Pain
- 3 Clinical Evidence of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Painful Conditions
- 4 Preclinical Evidence of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chronic Pain States
- 5 Future Perspectives
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Six: Regulation of Gene Expression and Pain States by Epigenetic Mechanisms
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Epigenetic Mechanisms and Gene Expression
- 3 Epigenetic Regulation of Synaptic Plasticity in Learning and Memory
- 4 Epigenetic Mechanisms and Pain States
- 5 Future Directions
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Seven: Translational Control of Chronic Pain
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Repair of Injured Tissue
- 3 Case for Axonal Translation
- 4 Regulation of Protein Synthesis
- 5 Transport and Storage of mRNAs
- 6 Conclusions and Perspectives
- 7 Translational Control of Central Sensitization
- 8 Conclusions
Chapter Eight: MicroRNA Biology and Pain
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 History and Biogenesis
- 3 Genomic Location of miRNAs
- 4 miRNA Nomenclature
- 5 miRNA Target Determination
- 6 miRNA Detection, Quantification, and Functional Studies
- 7 Circulating miRNAs
- 8 miRNAs and Pain
- 9 Challenges Associated with miRNA Research
- 10 Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Nine: Role of Extracellular Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules (DAMPs) as Mediators of Persistent Pain
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 High-Mobility Group Box 1
- 3 S100 Proteins
- 4 Heat-Shock Proteins
- 5 microRNA
- 6 Purine Metabolites
- 7 Summary and Perspective
Chapter Ten: mGluRs Head to Toe in Pain
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Metabotropic Receptors
- 3 Analysis of mGluRs at Each Level of the Pain Neuraxis
- 4 Conclusion
Chapter Eleven: Nonneuronal Central Mechanisms of Pain: Glia and Immune Response
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The Central Multipartite Synapse in the Mechanisms of Chronic Pain
- 3 Glial Activation or Reactivity: A Change in Cellular Phenotype in Pain States
- 4 Triggers of the Change of Glial Phenotype in Pain States
- 5 Drugs with Glial Modulation Capabilities and Efficacy in Preclinical Models of Pain
- 6 What It Is Known of Glial Cells in Humans with Pain Conditions?
- 7 Glial Cells: Human Versus Rodents and Other Species
- 8 Clinical Data Using Glial Modulating Agents
- 9 Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Twelve: Synaptic Inhibition and Disinhibition in the Spinal Dorsal Horn
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Synthesis and Handling of Inhibitory Neurotransmitters
- 3 GABA and Glycine Receptors
- 4 Driving Force and Ion Flux
- 5 Regulation of Intracellular Anion Concentrations
- 6 Mechanisms of Inhibition
- 7 Inhibitory Interneurons and Dorsal Horn Circuitry
- 8 Pathological Changes in Inhibition
- 9 Implications for Therapeutic Interventions
- 10 Summary
Chapter Thirteen: Dendritic Spine Dysgenesis in Neuropathic Pain
- Abstract
- 1 A Brief History
- 2 Dendritic Spine Morphology
- 3 Dendritic Spines in Synaptic Function
- 4 Dendritic Spines in Pathology
- 5 Dendritic Spines in Neuropathic Pain
- 6 Spinal Cord Injury
- 7 Peripheral Nerve Injury
- 8 Diabetes Mellitus
- 9 Thermal Burn Injury
- 10 Molecular Control of Dendritic Spine Dysgenesis
- 11 Spinal Memory Mechanism in Neuropathic Pain
- 12 Final Perspectives
Chapter Fourteen: Commonalities Between Pain and Memory Mechanisms and Their Meaning for Understanding Chronic Pain
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction: Pain Plasticity and “Pain Memory”
- 2 The Adaptive Nature of Pain Plasticity
- 3 The Peripheral Nociceptor as the Locus of “Pain Memory,” Focus on Translation Control
- 4 “Pain Memory” in the Spinal Dorsal Horn
- 5 Clinical Implications of Pain Memory
- 6 Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Fifteen: Dietary Influence on Pain via the Immune System
- Abstract
- 1 Cytokines and Immunity
- 2 Cytokines and Chronic Pain
- 3 Obesity and Pain
- 4 Diet and Inflammation
- 5 Omega-3 and Omega-6 PUFAs
- 6 Saturated Fats
- 7 Grape Seed Extract
- 8 Green Tea Extract
- 9 Soy Products
- 10 Broccoli
- 11 Carotenoids
- 12 Ginger
- 13 Ginseng
- 14 Caffeine
- 15 Grains and Gluten
- 16 Ketogenic Diets
- 17 Dietary Interventions
- 18 Conclusions
Chapter Sixteen: Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
- Abstract
- 1 Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy: An Introduction
- 2 Classes of Chemotherapeutics
- 3 Clinical Assessment of CIPN
- 4 Experimental Studies: Animal Models of CIPN
- 5 Experimental Studies: In Vitro Models of CIPN
- 6 Proposed Mechanisms Underlying CIPN
- 7 Challenges to CIPN Research
Chapter Seventeen: Stress and Chronic Pelvic Pain
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Central and Peripheral Regulation of the Stress Pathway
- 3 Consequences of Early Life Stress
- 4 Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- 5 Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome
- 6 Vulvodynia
- 7 Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome
- 8 Conclusions
Chapter Eighteen: Meningeal Afferent Signaling and the Pathophysiology of Migraine
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Features of Migraine
- 3 Current Migraine Treatments
- 4 Anatomy of the Meningeal Afferent System
- 5 Migraine Pathophysiology
- 6 Potential Mechanisms of Dural Afferent Activation
- 7 Ion Channels and Dural Afferent Activation
- 8 Dural Afferent Input May Lead to Neuroplasticity
- 9 Neuroplasticity and Migraine
- 10 CGRP and Migraine Plasticity
- 11 BDNF and Migraine
- 12 Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Nineteen: Chronic Pain Syndromes, Mechanisms, and Current Treatments
- Abstract
- 1 Cancer Pain
- 2 Central Poststroke Pain
- 3 Chronic Pelvic Pain
- 4 Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
- 5 Failed Back Syndrome
- 6 Fibromyalgia
- 7 Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- 8 Migraine
- 9 Multiple Sclerosis
- 10 Peripheral Neuropathic Pain
- 11 Persistent Postsurgical Pain
- 12 Phantom Limb Pain
- 13 Postherpetic Neuralgia
- 14 Rheumatoid Arthritis
- 15 Trigeminal Neuralgia
- 16 Future Directions
Index